Result Clauses

Question 1

How are they formed, positive

Answer 1

Adjective/adverb of degree + ut + subjunctive

Question 2

How are they formed, negative

Answer 2

Adjective/adverb of degree + ut…non + subjunctive

“Ut…non” not “ne” like in purpose closes

Question 3

How are they translated

Answer 3

So….that…

Question 4

Adjectives of degree

Answer 4

Tantus -a -um = ‘so great’
Talis -e = ‘such, of such sort’
Tot = ‘so many’

Question 5

Adverb of degree

Answer 5

Ita = 'so'
Tam = 'so'
Sic = 'so, in this way'
Adeo = 'so'

Question 6

Tenses of the subjunctive

Answer 6

Sequence of tenses

But if the perfect subjunctive is used in secondary sequence (not imperfect) then it is translated as “actually”
He actually said this”

Question 7

Venit ut turbam vinceret

Answer 7

Purpose clause

He came in order that he might overcome the crowd

Question 8

Tam fortis erat ut a turba non vinceretur

Answer 8

Result clause

He was so brave that he was not overcome by the crowd

Question 9

Verbs and expressions that have result clauses as their object or subject (substantive clauses of result)

Answer 9

Object clause:
Efficere ut = to bring it about that
Facere ut = to see to it that
Subject clause:
Accidit ut = it happens that
Fit ut = it comes about that, it happens that
Fieri ut = it is able to happen that, it it possible that

Question 10

Substantive clauses of result differences from normal clauses of result

Answer 10

The verbs efficere and facere frequently have “ne” for the negative and not “ut…non”

Question 11

Relative clauses of characteristic

Answer 11

Relative pronoun qui, quae, quod + subjunctive

Question 12

How is a Relative clauses of characteristic translated

Answer 12

The kind of

Of the kind

Question 13

Is est qui celeriter ambulet

Answer 13

He is the kind of man who walks fast
He is a man who walks fast

If it was indicative: he is the (actual) man who walks fast

Relative clauses of characteristic

Question 14

Sunt qui ei credant

Hi sunt qui ei credunt

Answer 14

They are the kind of men who trust him
There are men of the kind who trust him
There are those who trust him

Indicative: these are the (actual) ones who trust him

Question 15

Quis erat qui hoc crederet?

Answer 15

Who was there (of the kind) who believed this?

Question 16

Sunt qui
Est qui
Nemo est qui
Nihil est quod
Quis est qui?
Quis est quod?

Answer 16

There are those who
He is one who
there is no one who
There is nothing that
Who is there who?
What is there that?

(Kind of) can be added for emphasis

Question 17

Solus est qui
Is est qui
Cicero est qui
Dignus est qui

Answer 17

He is the only (kind of) man who
He is the (kind of) man who
Cicero is the (kind of) man who
He is the (kind of) man worthy (to)

Question 18

Qui non can be replaced by

Answer 18

The indeclinable quin

Question 19

Relative clauses of result

Answer 19

The ut is replaced by qui, quae, quod

The translation is the same

Question 20

What are they like

Answer 20

Purpose clauses but with a prior adjective/adverb of degree in the main clause