Rome-150-155

Question 1

Where did gladiatorial shows take place?

Answer 1

amphitheaters

Question 2

What was the most famous amphitheater?

Answer 2

Flavian

Question 3

What was the Flavian amphitheater called?

Answer 3

Colosseum

Question 4

HOw many people did the Colosseum seat?

Answer 4

50,000 spectators

Question 5

When were gladiatorial games held?

Answer 5

from dawn to dusk

Question 6

What was the central focus of these games?

Answer 6

contests to the death between trained fighters

Question 7

Who were most gladiators?

Answer 7

slaves or condemned criminals, although some free men lured by the hope of popularity and patronage by wealthy fans participated voluntarily

Question 8

Where were they trained for combat?

Answer 8

special gladiatorial schools

Question 9

What were some other form of entertainment in gladiatorial games?

Answer 9

criminals of all ages and both sexes were sent into the arena without weapons to face certain death from wild animals who would tear them to pieces

Question 10

What kind of animal contests were staged?

Answer 10

wild beasts against each other such as bears against buffalo
staged hunts with men shooting safely from behind iron bars
gladiators in the arena with bulls, tigers, and lions

Question 11

How many beasts were killed in one day of games when the emperor titus inaugurated the colosseum?

Answer 11

5 thousand

Question 12

Who had taken a number of steps to revive the Roman state religion, which had declined during the turmoil of the late Republic?

Answer 12

Augustus

Question 13

What did the official state religion focus on?

Answer 13

worship of a pantheon of Greco-Roman gods and goddesses

Question 14

Who was Juno?

Answer 14

patron goddess of women

Question 15

Who was Minerva?

Answer 15

goddess of artisans

Question 16

Who was Mars?

Answer 16

the god of war

Question 17

WHo was Jupiter Optimus Maximus?

Answer 17

patron deity of Rome

Question 18

What happened after augustus?

Answer 18

any dead emperors deified by the Roman senate were added to the official imperial cult

Question 19

WHo was responsible for ensuring proper fulfillment of relgious obligations?

Answer 19

paterfamilias

Question 20

What were the Jewish people granted in Hellenistic times?

Answer 20

considerable independence by their Seleucid rulers

Question 21

What was Judaea?

Answer 21

embraced the lands of the old Hebrew kingdom of Judah

had been made a province and placed under the direction of a Roman procurator

Question 22

What did the Sadducees favor?

Answer 22

cooperation with the Romans

Question 23

Who wanted Judaea to be free from Roman control, but did not advocate violent means to achieve this goal?

Answer 23

The Pharisees

Question 24

What did the Essenes do?

Answer 24

constituted a Jewish sect that lived in a religious community near the Dead Sea

Question 25

What are the Dead Sea scrolls?

Answer 25

a collection of documents first discovered in 1947

Question 26

WHo would save Israel from oppression?

Answer 26

a Messiah

Question 27

Who were the Zealots?

Answer 27

militant extremists who advocated the violent overthrow of Roman rule

Question 28

When did Jesus of Nazareth begin his public preaching?

Answer 28

in the midst of the confusion and conflict in Judaea

Question 29

Where did Jesus grow up?

Answer 29

Galilee

Question 30

What was Galilee?

Answer 30

an important center of the militant Zealots

Question 31

What was important according to Jesus?

Answer 31

what was important was not strict adherence to the letter of the law and attention to rules and prohibitions, but the transformation of the inner person

Question 32

What was God's command?

Answer 32

to love God and one another

Question 33

Where did Jesus present the ethical concepts that would form the basis for the value system of medieval western civilization?

Answer 33

In the Sermon on the Mount

Question 34

What were the ethical concepts?

Answer 34

humility, charity, and brotherly love

Question 35

Who ordered Jesus' crucification?

Answer 35

Pontius pilate

Question 36

What was Jesus hailed as?

Answer 36

the "anointed one"

Question 37

What was the anointed one in greek?

Answer 37

Christos

Question 38

Who founded the Christian church?

Answer 38

Peter, one of Jesus' disciples

Question 39

WHat did Paul of Tarsus do?

Answer 39

reached out to non-Jews and transformed Christianity from a Jewish sect into a world religion

Question 40

Who was called the "second founder of Christianity"

Answer 40

Paul

Question 41

Who did Paul believe that the message of Jesus should be preached to?

Answer 41

not only to Jews but to Gentiles as well

Question 42

Who were Gentiles?

Answer 42

non Jews

Question 43

What was Paul responsible for?

Answer 43

founding Christian communities throughout Asia Minor and along the shores of the Aegean

Question 44

Who provided a universal foundation for the spread of Jesus' ideas?

Answer 44

Paul

Question 45

What did Paul teach?

Answer 45

that Jesus was a savior-god, the son of God, who had come to earth to save all humans, who were basically sinners as a result of Adam's original sin of disobedience against God

Question 46

What had Jesus done by his death?

Answer 46

Jesus had atoned for the sins of all humans and made possible a new beginning for all men and women, with the potential for individual salvation

Question 47

If you accepted Jesus as your savior what would happen to you?

Answer 47

you would be saved

Question 48

Who wrote a series of letters or epistles outlining Christian beliefs for different Christian communities?

Answer 48

Paul

Question 49

What might some of Jesus' disciples have done?

Answer 49

preserved some of the master in writing and would have passed on personal memories that became the basis of the written gospels- the "good ones" concerning Jesus- which were written down between 50 and 150 and which attempted to give a record of Jesus' life and teachings and formed the core of the NEw Testament

Question 50

Where was the first center of Christianity?

Answer 50

Jerusalem

Question 51

Where did many early christians come from?

Answer 51

the ranks of Hellenized Jews and the Greek-speaking populations of the east

Question 52

In the second and third centuries, an increasing number of followers came from where?

Answer 52

Latin-speaking people

Question 53

What aided to the growth of christianity?

Answer 53

the structure of the Roman Empire

Question 54

What did christian missionaries, including some of Jesus' original twelve disciples or apostles

Answer 54

used Roman roads to travel throughout the empire spreading the "good news"

Question 55

Where weren't the Romans tolerant of other religions?

Answer 55

when they threatened public order of public morals

Question 56

How did many Romans view Christians?

Answer 56

harmful to the order of the Roman state

Question 57

Why could the government view them as potentially dangerous to the state?

Answer 57

since christians held their meetings in secret and seemed to be connected to christian groups in other areas

Question 58

When did ROman persecution of CHristians begin?

Answer 58

during the reign of Nero

Question 59

WHo began to assume more control over church communities?

Answer 59

bishops

Question 60

What was the Christian church hierarchical structure?

Answer 60

the bishops and clergy were salaried officers separate from the laity or regular church members

Question 61

What was made possible by Jesus' death and resurrection?

Answer 61

the promise of salvation

Question 62

What did Christianity seem to do?

Answer 62

imbue life with a meaning and purpose beyond the simple material things of everyday reality

Question 63

WHy did Christianity have universal appeal?

Answer 63

it was not restricted to men nor did it require a painful or expensive initiation rite as many other religions did

Question 64

What was Christianity's form of initiation?

Answer 64

baptism

Question 65

What is baptism?

Answer 65

a purification by water through which one entered into a personal relationship with Jesus

Question 66

How did christianity fulfill the human need to belong?

Answer 66

christians formed communities bound to one another in which people could express their love by helping each other and offering assistance to the poor, sick, widows, and orphans

Question 67

Who was the promise of eternal life for?

Answer 67

all

Question 68

What did christianity emphasize?

Answer 68

a sense of spiritual equality for all people

Question 69

What did CHristianity offer women?

Answer 69

Christianity offered them new roles and new forms of companionship with other women

Question 70

What did the women who died for their faiths, death give rise to?

Answer 70

a literature known as the Apocryphal gospels, in which women were honored for creating new role models as virgins and widows dedicated to their faith, who defied fathers and their traditional gender roles to pursue their new lives

Question 71

Who was the first christian emperor?

Answer 71

Emperor Constantine

Question 72

What did Constantine issue?

Answer 72

the famous Edict of Milan

Question 73

What happened under Theodosius "the great"

Answer 73

Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire