Flashcards in T1- Hormone Reg Deck (57)
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30
How do mineralocorticoid hormones affect ion transport by epithelial cells?
- they increase the activity of the sodium pump of the epithelial cells
- cause sodium retention and potassium and hydrogen loss
31
The most potent naturally occurring mineralocorticoid is ____.
aldosterone
33
What is aldosterone regulated by?
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
34
What cells in the adrenal medulla secrete catecholamines (epi and norepi)?
Chromaffin cells
35
T/f Catecholamines promote hyperglycemia.
T
You need that suga to run away
36
Endocrine system reacts with the nervous system to respond to ___
stressors
37
The stress response involves the ___ system
immune
38
Neuroendocrine response to stress is influenced by what hormone from the hypothalamus?
CRH - Corticotropin-releasing hormone
39
Name the 3 tests of the endocrine function.
Radioimmunoassay
ELISA
Bioassay
40
T/f As the thyroid gland ages, it becomes glandular atrophy, fibrosis, nodularity and increased inflammatory infiltrates
True
41
What are the alterations in calcium balance the parathyroid gland undergoes?
Inadeaquate intake, malabsorption or renal changes
42
As we age, we decreased the clearance of what hormone from the adrenal glands?
cortisol
(When we are old and in retirement we won't have any stress hormone!)
43
What gland contains two lobes lateral to the trachea?
thyroid gland
44
What is the small band of tissue that joins the two lobes of the thyroid gland?
isthmus
45
The thyroid gland is composed of FOLLICLES. THe follicles are composed of follicular cells that surround a viscous substance called _______.
colloid
46
What do the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete?
calcitonin and somatostatin
47
What is another name for calcitonin?
What is the action of calcitonin?
thyrocalcitonin, acts to lower serum calcium levels by inhibition of bone resorbing osteoclasts
48
What are the main two hormones involved in thyroid hormone secretion regulation?
thyrotropin releasing hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone
49
What are the two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?
90% T4 and 10% T3
50
What 3 carrier proteins does T3 and T4 bind to in the circulation?
1. thyroxine -binding globulin
2. thyroxine - binding prealbumin
3. albumin
51
How does thyroid hormone effect cell metabolism?
altering protein, fat, and glucose metabolism, and as a result, heat production and oxygen consumption are increased.
52
What are the small glands located behind the upper and lower poles of the thyroid gland?
Parathyroid glands
53
What are the actions of parathyroid hormones?
Regulator of serum calcium
Antagonist of calcitonin
54
Is the pancreas and endocrine or exocrine gland?
BOTH!
endocrine = producing insulin and glucagon
exocrine = producing digestive enzyme
55
Endocrine Houses what cells involved in the regulation of serum glucose?
name each cell and what they secrete
Islets of langerhan cells
alpha = glucagon secretion
beta = insulin secretion
delta = somatostatin and gastrin
F cells = pancreatic polypeptide
56
Insulin is secreted by the beta cells, and regulated by chemical, hormonal, and neural mechanisms.
-Does an increase or decrease in blood glucose level stimulate insulin production?
increase
57
