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Unit 1: Autonomic Nervous System Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

L1: Ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic neurons for the sympathetic system

A

1:20-50

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2
Q

L1: Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release ______, which binds at a ______ receptor.

A

ACh; muscarinic cholinergic (M1-M4)

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3
Q

L1: Postganglionic sympathetic neurons at end organs typically release ______, which binds at _____ receptors.

A

Norepinephrine; alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1

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4
Q

L1: Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons release ______, which binds at a _____ receptor.

A

ACh; N-N

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5
Q

L1: Preganglionic sympathetic neurons release _____, which binds at a _____ receptor.

A

ACh; N-N

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6
Q

L1: Ratio of preganglionic to postganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic system

A

~1:1

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7
Q

L1: The adrenal medulla releases ______ into the circulation, which interacts at _____ receptors.

A

Epinephrine; adrenergic

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8
Q

L1: The dominant system determining tone is typically the ____, except in the ______.

A

PNS; vasculature

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9
Q

L2: _______ generally mediate decreased insulin release from the pancreas.

A

alpha-2

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10
Q

L2: _______ generally mediate increased insulin release from the pancreas

A

beta-2

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11
Q

L2: _______ generally mediate shakiness/tremors in skeletal muscles

A

beta-2

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12
Q

L2: _______ generally mediate smooth muscle relaxation of the GI tract.

A

beta-2

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13
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally meadiate bronchodilation.

A

beta-2

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14
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate a decrease in heart rate, AV conduction rate, and inotropy.

A

muscarinic

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15
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate bladder wall muscle relaxation and increased continence in the GU system

A

beta-3

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16
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate bronchoconstriction.

A

muscarinic

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17
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate ejaculation in the male GU system.

A

alpha-1

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18
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased aqueous humor outflow (decreased intraocular pressure)

A

alpha-1 and muscarinic

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19
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased glycogenolysis and increased blood glucose in the liver. (2)

A

beta-2

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20
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased HR, AV conduction rate, and inotropy

A

beta-1

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21
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased lipolysis in fat cells.

A

beta-3

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22
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased production of aqueous humor.

A

beta-2

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23
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased renin release

A

beta-1

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24
Q

L2: _______ receptors generally mediate increased secretions and motility in the GI tract.

A

muscarinic

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25
L2: _______ receptors generally mediate miosis and accommodation in the eye.
muscarinic
26
L2: _______ receptors generally mediate mydriasis of the eye.
alpha-1
27
L2: _______ receptors generally mediate relaxation of sphincters in the GI and GU tracts.
muscarinic
28
L2: _______ receptors generally mediate smooth muscle relaxation of the GI tract.
alpha-2
29
L2: _______ receptors generally mediate sphincter constriction and increased continence in the GU system
alpha-1
30
L2: _______ receptors generally mediate uterine muscle wall relaxation.
beta-2
31
L2: _______ receptors generally mediate vasoconstriction of vasculature of the upper respiratory tract mucosa
alpha-1
32
L2: _______ receptors generally mediate vasoconstriction.
alpha-1
33
L2: _______ receptors generally mediate vasodilation.
beta-2 and muscarinic
34
L2: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate ____ aqueous humor outflow (_____ intraocular pressure)
increased; decreased
35
L2: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate ____ of the eye.
mydriasis
36
L2: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate ______ in the male GU system.
ejaculation
37
L2: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate sphincter ______ and _____ continence in the GU system
contraction; increased
38
L2: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate vaso____ of vasculature of the upper respiratory tract mucosa
constriction
39
L2: alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate vaso_____.
constriction
40
L2: alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) _____ blood pressure by ______ the sympathetic output from the CNS
decrease; decreasing
41
L2: alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate _____ insulin release from the pancreas.
decreased
42
L2: alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate smooth muscle ______ of the GI tract.
relaxation
43
L2: beta-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate _____ HR, AV conduction rate, and inotropy
increased
44
L2: beta-1 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate _____ renin release
increased
45
L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally meadiate broncho_____
dilation
46
L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate _____ insulin release from the pancreas
increased
47
L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate _____ production of aqueous humor.
increased
48
L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate ______ in the liver. (2)
increased glycogenolysis; increased blood glucose
49
L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate ______ in skeletal muscles
shakiness/tremors
50
L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate smooth muscle ______ of the GI tract.
relaxation
51
L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate uterine muscle wall _______.
relaxation
52
L2: beta-2 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate vaso_____.
dilation
53
L2: beta-3 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate ______ in fat cells.
increased lipolysis
54
L2: beta-3 adrenergic receptors (SNS) generally mediate bladder wall muscle _____ and _____ continence in the GU system
relaxation; increased
55
L2: Both the PNS and SNS systems stimulate saliva production, but PNS stimulates saliva that is _____, while SNS stimulates saliva that is ______.
Profuse/water; Scant/viscous
56
L2: In cutaneous tissue, mucous membranes, and splanchnic vasculature, ___-adrenergic input predominates
alpha-1
57
L2: In determining adrenergic inputs on blood pressure, ____ adrenergic receptors tend to decrease the blood pressure.
alpha-2 and beta-2
58
L2: In determining adrenergic inputs on blood pressure, ____ adrenergic receptors tend to increase the blood pressure.
alpha-1 and beta-1
59
L2: In renal vasculature vasoconstriction or vasodilation is determined by the balance of inputs from ___ and ___ receptors.
alpha-1 adrenergic and D1 dopaminergic
60
L2: Muscarinic receptors (PNS) generally mediate ____ flow of aqueous humor in the eye (_____ IOP)
increased; decreased
61
L2: Muscarinic receptors (PNS) generally mediate _____ in the eye. (2)
miosis and accommodation
62
L2: Muscarinic receptors (PNS) generally mediate _____ of sphincters in the GI and GU tracts.
relaxation
63
L2: Muscarinic receptors (PNS) generally mediate _____ secretions and motility in the GI tract.
increased
64
L2: Muscarinic receptors (PNS) generally mediate a ____ in heart rate, AV conduction rate, and inotropy.
decrease
65
L2: Muscarinic receptors (PNS) generally mediate broncho_______.
constriction
66
L2: Muscarinic receptors generally mediate vaso_______, resulting in _____ blood pressure
dilation; decreased
67
L2: Postganglionic sympathetic neurons in sweat glands release _____, which binds at _____ receptors.
ACh; muscarinic cholinergic
68
L2: Postganglionic sympathetic neurons in the renal vascular smooth muscle release _____, which interacts at _____ receptors.
Dopamine, D1
69
L3: What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the eye?
miosis, accommodation, and increased outflow of aqueous humor
70
L3: What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the GI and GU tracts?
Increased secretions and motility, relaxation of sphincters
71
L3: What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the heart?
Decrease HR, AV conduction, and inotropy
72
L3: What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the Lungs?
Bronchoconstriction
73
L3: What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation at the vasculature?
None; Vasculature has no PNS innervation
74
L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
increase renin release (beta-1)
75
L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on fat cells?
Increased lipolysis (beta-3)
76
L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on insulin release?
major decrease (alpha-2) and minor increase (beta-2)
77
L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on skeletal muscles?
Tremors/shaking (beta-2)
78
L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the eye?
Mydriasis (alpha-1), increased production of aqueous humor (beta-2), increased aqueous outflow/decreased IOP (alpha-1)
79
L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the GI tract?
Smooth muscle relaxation (alpha-2 and beta-2)
80
L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the GU system?
sphincter contraction (alpha-1), bladder muscle relaxation (beta-3), and ejaculation (alpha-1)
81
L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the liver?
Increased glycogenolysis and blood glucose (beta-2)
82
L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the lungs?
Bronchodilation (beta-2)
83
L3: What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on uterine muscle?
Relaxation (beta-2)
84
L4: Name the effects of alpha-1 receptors. (5)
vasoconstriction, mydriasis, increased aqueous humor flow, GU spincter contraction, ejaculation,
85
L4: Name the effects of alpha-2 receptors. (3)
decrease sympathetic output from the CNS, smooth muscle relaxation in the GI tract, decreased insulin release
86
L4: Name the effects of beta-1 receptors (4)
increased HR, increased AV conduction velocity, increased inotropy, increased renin release
87
L4: Name the effects of beta-2 receptors. (9)
vasodilation, bronchodilation, increased production of aqueous humor, relaxation of smooth muscle of the GI tract, uterine wall relaxation, shakiness/tremors in skeletal muscle, increased glycogenolysis, increased blood glucose, increased insulin release
88
L4: Name the effects of beta-3 receptors (2)
bladder wall relaxation, increased lipolysis

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