Unit 4: Limbic System and Memory

Question 1

L1: ________: ability to recall events or facts with specific temporal and spatial context

Answer 1

Declarative memory

Question 2

L1: Activated calmodulin activates __________.

Answer 2

Ca/calmodulin-dependent kinsase II (CAMKII)

Question 3

L1: CAMKII mediates increased incorporation of ______ into the postsynaptic cell membrane

Answer 3

AMPA receptors

Question 4

L1: Hippocampal lesions impair ______ memory.

Answer 4

declarative

Question 5

L1: Most declarative memories are stored in the ______, but function of the ______ is critical to storing these memories.

Answer 5

neocortex; hippocampus

Question 6

L1: Stimulation of the _____ is highly reinforcing.

Answer 6

Nucleus accumbens

Question 7

L1: When the NMDA receptor is activated, influx of calcium activates __________.

Answer 7

Ca-dependent calmodulin

Question 8

L2: ______ projects to the BLA, CEA, and intercalated cell masses to inhibit ____ responses to afferent stimulation.

Answer 8

Medial prefrontal cortex; CEA

Question 9

L2: _______ damage impairs the registering of emotional impacts of rewards and punishments caused by specific behaviors

Answer 9

Amygdala

Question 10

L2: _______ memory is impaired when long term potentiation is disrupted due to a lesion in the ____ region of the hippocampus.

Answer 10

Associative; CA3

Question 11

L2: _______ neurons undergo longterm potentiation, the basis for memory consolidation.

Answer 11

CA1 and CA3

Question 12

L2: _________ neurons arise from the CA3 neurons and synapse on the ____ neurons.

Answer 12

Schaeffer Collateral; CA1

Question 13

L2: _______: an indistinct ridge of tissue extending from the amygdala along the anterior perforated substance, curving into the interhemispheric fissure posterior to the medial olfacotr stria

Answer 13

Diagonal Band of Broca

Question 14

L2: Amygdalar cells involved in appetitive conditioning project to the ________.

Answer 14

Nucleus accumbens

Question 15

L2: Basolateral amygdalae neurons project to circuits for reward by providing input to the _______.

Answer 15

Nucleus accumbens

Question 16

L2: CAMKII phosphorylates _______.

Answer 16

AMPA receptors and itself

Question 17

L2: Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain release ACh in the ________.

Answer 17

insular cortex

Question 18

L2: Coding of short-term memory occurs in the _______.

Answer 18

sensory cortex

Question 19

L2: Coding of working memory occurs in the _______.

Answer 19

frontal lobes

Question 20

L2: Exposure to a food results in stimulation of cholinergic neurons in the _______.

Answer 20

basal forebrain

Question 21

L2: Fear extinction is mediated by neurons originating in the _______.

Answer 21

Medial prefrontal cortex

Question 22

L2: Hippocampal output comes from cells in the ________, leaving via the _____.

Answer 22

CA1 and CA3 regions (Ammon’s Horn); fornix

Question 23

L2: In Broca’s limbic lobe, the _____ feeds into the hippocampus.

Answer 23

Parahippocampal gyrus

Question 24

L2: In Broca’s limbic lobe, the outputs for the hippocampus are _________.

Answer 24

Parahippocampal gyrus, fornix

Question 25

L2: In the Iowa Gambling Task, paitents with______ do not show a stress response with bad decks.

Answer 25

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)

Question 26

L2: In the Iowa Gambling Task, patients with _____ lesions showed no sin conductance in response to the receipt of rewards and punishment.

Answer 26

amygdala

Question 27

L2: In the Iowa Gambling Task, patients with ______ lesions tend to draw from decks that give poor outcomes, even though they know they are losing

Answer 27

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)

Question 28

L2: In the Olds Self-Stimulation Experiments, the _____ was found to be a particularly strong reinforcing area.

Answer 28

Medial forebrain bundle

Question 29

L2: Input to the hippocampus arrives from the ______ via the _______.

Answer 29

entorhinal cortex; perforant path

Question 30

L2: Lesions in the striatum, cerebellum, or frontal cortex impair _____ memory.

Answer 30

procedural

Question 31

L2: Memories of emotional experiences are encoded in the strengths of synaptic connections in the ________.

Answer 31

Lateral nuclei of the amydalae (basolateral amygdalae)

Question 32

L2: Mossy fibers from the ______ also synapse on the _____ region of Ammon's Horn

Answer 32

Dentate gyrus; CA3

Question 33

L2: Papez overestimated the role of ______ in emotional processes.

Answer 33

Hippocampus

Question 34

L2: Papez's Circuit: Cingulate gyrus > _______

Answer 34

Hippocampus

Question 35

L2: Papez's Circuit: Fornix > ________

Answer 35

Hypothalamus

Question 36

L2: Papez's Circuit: Hippocampus > _______

Answer 36

Fornix

Question 37

L2: Papez's Circuit: Hypothalamus > ________ > Cortex

Answer 37

Anterior thalamic nuclei

Question 38

L2: Papez's Circuit: the _______ provides feedback to the cingulate gyrus.

Answer 38

Hypothalamus

Question 39

L2: Perforant path axons synapse on the ________.

Answer 39

Dentate gyrus, CA3 region (Ammon's Horn)

Question 40

L2: Stimulation of insular cortex neurons by basal forebrain cholinergic neurons causes _________.

Answer 40

Phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor

Question 41

L2: The ______ in the amygdala mediates the release of CRH.

Answer 41

Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis

Question 42

L2: The ______ receives afferent stimulation from the viscera and projects this information to insular cortex neurons to pair aversive effects to taste sensations

Answer 42

amygdala

Question 43

L2: The _______ is the main output structure of the amydala, providing _____-ergic output.

Answer 43

Central Nucleus of the Amygdala; GABA

Question 44

L2: The _______ seems to be important for the prediction of consequences.

Answer 44

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)

Question 45

L2: The ________ is the ventral striatum and pallidum, located posterior to the olfactory stria

Answer 45

Anterior perforated substance

Question 46

L2: The central nucleus of the amygdala projects to the ___________.

Answer 46

Midbrain reticular formation, hypothalamus

Question 47

L2: The lateral nucleus of the amygdala receives input from the ________.

Answer 47

Auditory and somatosensory cortices

Question 48

L2: The lateral nucleus of the amygdala transmits information to the _________.

Answer 48

Central nucleus of the amygdala

Question 49

L2: VTA neurons can be divided into populations that project to the ______ (_____ pathway) and _______ (______ pathway).

Answer 49

nucleus accumbens/mesolimbic, prefrontal cortex/mesocortical

Question 50

L3: Basolateral amydalae neurons can elicit fear via _______-ergic synapses providing input to the ______ and _______.

Answer 50

glutamatergic; basolateral amygdalae, bed nuclei of the stria terminalis