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Unit 3: Movement Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

L1: “Ka” speech evaluates CN __.

A

X

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2
Q

L1: “La” speech evaluates CN __.

A

XII

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3
Q

L1: “Pa” speech evaluates CN __.

A

VII

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4
Q

L1: Which Parkinson’s therapeutic agent? Blocks decarboxylase, does not cross blood-brain barrier

A

Carbidopa

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5
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Brief, intermittent movements or sounds, varying in intensity and repeated at irregular intervals

A

Tics

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6
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Chorea-athetosis, dementia, and psychiatric illness

A

Huntington Disease

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7
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Gross atrophy of caudate nucleus due to loss of medium spiny neurons

A

Huntington Disease

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8
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Hereditary ataxia with limb ataxia, dysarthria, loss of distal position/vibration sense, areflexia, lower extremity UMN signs

A

Friedreich’s Ataxia

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9
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Motor and vocal tics, poor impulse control, associated with OCD and ADHD

A

Tourette Syndrome

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10
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Motor seizures, psychosis and personality disorders from temporal lobe involvement

A

Complex seizures

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11
Q

L1: Which pathologic pattern? Resting tremor, typically non-disabling and unilateral, rigidity, bradykinesia

A

Parkinson Disease

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12
Q

L2: Neuroleptic dopamine receptor antagonist used in Huntington disease

A

Haloperidol

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13
Q

L2: Positive findings (intention tremor) in the finger-nose-finger test or heel-shin test indicate ______.

A

dysmetria

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14
Q

L2: Pronator drift positivity indicates ________.

A

UMN syndrome: ipsilateral cerebellum/contralateral cortex

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15
Q

L2: What is the histologic pattern associated with Huntington Disease?

A

Caudate atrophy/gliosis

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16
Q

L2: What is the histologic pattern associated with Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Lewy Bodies and Lewy neurites in neuron processes

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17
Q

L2: What is the histologic pattern associated with Wilson’s disease?

A

Copper deposits in the putamen and globus pallidus

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18
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Dragging toes, tightness of hip flexors that can result in midline crossing/scissored gait

A

Diplegic gait

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19
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Foot drop, attempt to lift foot high enough such that it does not drag

A

Neuropathic gait

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20
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Irregular jerky involuntary movements in all extremities, dancing/prancing

A

Choreiform gait

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21
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Loss of proprioceptive input from feet, patient slams foot into ground to know when it contacts the ground

A

Sensory gait

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22
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Patient holds flexed/adducted/internally rotated arm to side and circumducts foot

A

Hemiparetic gait

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23
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Rigidity, bradykinesia, slow little steps, difficulty initiating steps

A

Bradykinetic/Parkinsonian gait

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24
Q

L2: Which gait disorder? Seen in biventricular lesions like cerebral palsy

A

Diplegic gait

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25
L2: Which gait disorder? Spasticity in lower extremity with abnormally narrow base
Diplegic gait
26
L2: Which gait disorder? Staggering clumsy movements with wide-based gait, inability to walk heel to toe or in a straight line
Ataxic gait
27
L2: Which gait disorder? Stooped posture with neck forward and flexion at knees
Bradykinetic/Parkinsonian gait
28
L2: Which gait disorder? Unilateral or bilateral weakness that leads to drop of pelvis and waddling if bilateral
Myopathic gait
29
L2: Which gait disorder? Unilateral UMN injury resulting in plantar flexion and leg extension on affected side
Hemiparetic gait
30
L2: Which movement or psychiatric disorder can be elicited from the following treatment? Anti-psychotics
Parkinsonism
31
L2: Which Parkinson's therapeutic agent? Decreases cholinergic inhibitory interneuron activity in the striatum
Anticholinergic agents
32
L2: Which Parkinson's therapeutic agent? Increases endogenous release of dopamine, may work as glutamate receptor antagonist
Amantadine
33
L2: Which Parkinson's therapeutic agent? Not as effective as L-DOPA, side effects parasympathetic block peripherally
Anticholinergic agents
34
L2: Which Parkinson's therapeutic agent? Prevents breakdown of dopamine, can cause dangerous episodes of hypertension following NOR release
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
35
L2: Which Parkinson's therapeutic agent? Prevents breakdown of L-DOPA by COMT
Catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibitors
36
L2: Which Parkinson's therapeutic agent? Used to smoothen the short half-life of L-DOPA and decrease dyskinesia
Dopamine Receptor Agonists
37
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Active opposition of any passive movement despite instruction to relax
Gegenhalten/paratonia
38
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Bilateral and disabling tremor (often postural) most commonly affecting the hands
Essential Tremor
39
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Co-contration of muscle agonists and antagonists, twisting abnormal postures resulting from sustained muscle contractions
Dystonia
40
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Exaggerated startle
hyperekplexia
41
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Glial alpha-synuclein inclusions
Multiple Systems Atrophy
42
L2: Which pathologic pattern? HANDS Tremor signs
Cerebellar extra-pyramidal signs
43
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Irregular, brief, dancing-like jerky movements
Chorea
44
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Large amplitude proximal flinging movements
ballism
45
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Localized quivering of few muscle bundles
myokymia
46
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Neuronal alpha-synuclein inclusions
Parkinson Disease, Diffuse Lewy Body Disease
47
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Repeated or ritualistic movement or utterance
stereotypy
48
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Repetitive involuntary, slow sinuous writhing movements
Chorea-athetosis
49
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Sudden brief shock-like movements
myoclonus
50
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Tremor, hypokinetic signs, hyperkinetic signs, dystonia
Basal ganglia extra-pyramidal signs
51
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Unpleasant sensation of inner restlessness (inability to remain motionless)
akathisia
52
L2: Which tests are used to evaluate for dysmetria?
Finger-nose-finger, Heel-shin
53
L2: Which pathologic pattern? Wing-beating tremor (basal ganglia degeneration), depression, exhibitionism, psychosis
Wilson Disease
54
L3: Name the three components of Multiple System Atrophy
Striatonigral degeneration, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, intermediolateral column degeneration
55
L3: Treatment for Essential Tremor (2)
Primidone, Propranolol
56
L3: Treatment for Tourette Syndrome or Huntington Disease (2)
Tetrabenazine, neuroleptics (dopamine receptor antagonists)
57
L3: What is the histologic pattern associated with ataxias?
atrophy of cerebellar folia, loss of Purkinje cells
58
L3: What is the histologic pattern associated with Corticobasal Degeneration?
Tau-immunoreactive inclusions, cerebral cortical atrophy
59
L3: What is the histologic pattern associated with Diffuse Lewy Body Disease?
Lewy bodies diffusely distributed, neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
60
L3: What is the histologic pattern associated with Multiple Systems Atrophy?
Glial alpha-synuclein inclusions distributed broadly
61
L3: What is the histologic pattern associated with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy?
Neurofibrillary tangles in neurons, tau-immunoreactive glia (especially in the basal ganglia)
62
L3: Which movement or psychiatric disorder can be elicited from the following treatment? L-DOPA/Parkinson's therapeutics
Hallucinations, delusions, erratic behaviors
63
L3: Which Parkinson's therapeutic agent? Anticholinergic agents (3)
Diphenhydramine, Trihexyphenidyl, benztropine
64
L3: Which Parkinson's therapeutic agent? COMT inhibitors (2)
tolcapone, entacapone
65
L3: Which Parkinson's therapeutic agent? Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (2)
rasagiline, selegiline
66
L3: Which pathologic pattern? Classified as tauopathies (3)
Dementing diseases, Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Corticobasal degeneration (CBD)
67
L3: Which pathologic pattern? Synucleinopathies involving Lewy bodies (3)
Parkinson Disease, Diffuse Lewy Body Disease, Multiple Systems Atrophy
68
L4: Which Parkinson's therapeutic agent? Dopamine Receptor Agonists (5)
Pergolide, cabergoline, ropinerole, pramipexole, bromocriptine
69
L4: Which pathologic pattern? Disorders presenting with parkinsonism and substantia nigra disorder (5)
Parkinson Disease, Multiple System Atrophy, Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Pick Disease, Corticobasal degeneration

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