Flashcards in Unit 2: Nociception Deck (27):
1
L1: Excess sensitization of nociceptors is referred to as _______.
primary hyperalgesia
2
L1: First pain/pin prick sensation is mediated by __-type fibers
A-delta
3
L1: Second pain/burning sensation is mediated by __-type fibers
C
4
L1: Sensitization strong enough to allow non-noxious stimuli to trigger a painful sensation is known as ________.
Allodynia
5
L1: Stimulation of ______ in the midbrain produces powerful analgesia
Periaqueductal Gray (PAG) matter
6
L1: The major excitatory transmitter released by primary nociceptive sensory neurons is ______.
Glutamate
7
L1: The spinothalamic tract conveys nociceptive information to the _____.
Somatosensory cortex
8
L2: A flare results from the release of ______ from collaterals of C fibers in the wheal area
Substance P
9
L2: Acitvation of non-nociceptive fibers leads to activation of ________ in the dorsal horn.
Inhibitory interneurons
10
L2: Capsaicin acticates the ____ receptor
Villanoid (VR1)
11
L2: Cold nociceptors are __ fibers.
C
12
L2: Cold receptors detect temperatures: ___
10-37 degree Celsius
13
L2: In response to stress, there is increased activity in the _______ which increases activation of the PAG
limbic system
14
L2: In the spinal cord, ATP activates microglial cells that release ____, changing the reversal potential of _____ channels.
BDNF; chloride
15
L2: In the spinal cord, descending neurons from the nucleus raphe activate ________.
Inhibitory interneurons
16
L2: Inhibitory interneurons use _____ presynaptically and postsynaptically to reduce pain
Enkephalin
17
L2: Mechanical nociceptors are __ fibers.
A-delta
18
L2: PAG neurons project to the ______ in the medulla, which projects to the spinal cord via the ________.
Nucleus raphe magnus; dorsal lateral funiculus
19
L2: Polymodal receptors are __ fibers.
C
20
L2: The spinomesenphalic tract conveys nociceptive information to the _____.
Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray (PAG) region
21
L2: The spinoreticular tract conveys nociceptive information to the _____.
Hypothalamus
22
L2: Warm nociceptors are __ fibers.
A-delta
23
L2: Warm receptors detect temperatures: ____
30-48 degrees Celsius
24
L3: In the placebo effect, the PAG pathway is activated by secretion of _____ due to activity in the _______.
endorphins; cortex or limbic systems
25
L3: Name 4 activators of nociceptors
Bradykinin, potassium, serotonin, acid
26
L3: Which three tracts in the brain convey information from nociceptive fibers?
Spinothalamic, Spinoreticular, spinomesenphalic
27