Unit 20

Question 1

Czech revolt against against hard-line communist rule in 1968; crushed by Soviets

Answer 1

Prague Spring

Question 2

Soviet crack-down on eastern Europe and Soviet society under Leonid Brezhnev

Answer 2

re-Stalinization

Question 3

Soviet writer exiled for writing One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich

Answer 3

Alexandr Solzhenitsyn

Question 4

said the Soviets would intervene in eastern Europe to put down attempts at reform or revolution

Answer 4

Brezhnev Doctrine

Question 5

Agents of the govt in the Soviet Union who had access to special, well-stocked stores

Answer 5

apparatchiki

Question 6

Soviet leader from 1964 to 1982 who introduced re-Stalinization

Answer 6

Leonid Brezhnev

Question 7

Soviet leader who came to power in 1985 and introduced reforms

Answer 7

Mikhail Gorbachev

Question 8

“restructuring” of the Soviet economy; limited free market reforms

Answer 8

perestroika

Question 9

“openess” or freedom of speech

Answer 9

glasnost

Question 10

Polish pope who spoke out against communism and secretly worked for its downfall

Answer 10

Pope John Paul II

Question 11

Polish labor union that demanded free trade unions, freedom of speech, economic reforms, release of political prisoners

Answer 11

Solidarity

Question 12

leader of major Polish labor union; later became 1st non-communist leader of postwar Poland

Answer 12

Lech Walesa

Question 13

Poland’s elimination of secret police, dismissal of Communist ministers, and implementation of free market reforms

Answer 13

“shock therapy”

Question 14

1st country to dismantle “iron curtain”

Answer 14

Hungary

Question 15

Czech intellectual who became 1st non-communist President of Czechoslovkia in postwar era

Answer 15

Vaclav Havel

Question 16

name for the dissolution of Czech communist party; applied to most other eastern European revolutions in 1989

Answer 16

Velvet Revolution

Question 17

Romanian communist leader who was executed in 1989 revolutions

Answer 17

Nicolae Ceausescu

Question 18

only country in which 1989 revolutions were violent

Answer 18

Romania

Question 19

Former Communist who embraced democracy and Russian nationalism; President of Russia after communism’s collapse

Answer 19

Boris Yeltsin

Question 20

West German Christian Democratic leader who led German reunification

Answer 20

Helmut Kohl

Question 21

agreement that essentially ended Cold War in 1990 and recognized existing European borders

Answer 21

Paris Accords

Question 22

Islamic territory that seeks to break away from Russia

Answer 22

Chechnya

Question 23

Serb leader implicated in the “ethnic cleansing” of Croats and Bosnians in 1993 Yugoslav Civil War

Answer 23

Slobodan Milosevic

Question 24

ended Yugoslav Civil War; gave 51% of Bosnia to Bosnians and 49% to Serbs

Answer 24

Dayton Accords

Question 25

terrorist group that seeks to separate Northern Ireland from the United Kingdom

Answer 25

Irish Republican Army

Question 26

Basque terrorist group that seeks to separate Basque country from Spain and France

Answer 26

ETA

Question 27

left-wing terrorist group in West Germany; sought to start communist revolution in 1970s

Answer 27

Baader Meinhof Gang

Question 28

created the European Union and called for the creation of the Euro

Answer 28

Maastricht Treaty

Question 29

common currency of most EU states

Answer 29

Euro