Unit 4

Question 1

weakened the idea that war was ennobling; allow you to kill from a distance

Answer 1

gunpowder

Question 2

Made Catholicism state religion of France

Answer 2

Concordat of Bologna

Question 3

massacre of Calvinists by Catholics in Paris in 1572

Answer 3

St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Question 4

French Calvinists

Answer 4

Huguenots

Question 5

French moderates that believed French unity was more important than religious differences

Answer 5

politiques

Question 6

1st French politique king

Answer 6

Henry IV

Question 7

granted French Huguenots freedom of worship in specified areas of France

Answer 7

Edict of Nantes

Question 8

ruling dynasty of Spanish and Austria

Answer 8

Habsburgs

Question 9

Spanish king who had to deal with Protestant revolt in the Low Countries

Answer 9

Philip II

Question 10

literally, “Low Countries”

Answer 10

Netherlands

Question 11

catholic leader sent by Philip II to crush revolt of Protestants in the Netherlands

Answer 11

Duke of Alva

Question 12

he consolidated the 17 northern provinces of Netherlands into Union of Utrecht

Answer 12

William of Orange

Question 13

English monarch that supported Protestant revolt in Netherlands

Answer 13

Elizabeth I

Question 14

implicated in plot to assassinate Elizabeth; she was beheaded

Answer 14

Mary, Queen of Scots

Question 15

fleet sent by Philip II to invade England

Answer 15

Spanish Armada

Question 16

event that ignited Thirty Years’ War; Protestants threw Catholic officials out the window of castle

Answer 16

Defenestration of Prague

Question 17

religious conflict that divided Germany into mid 17th century

Answer 17

Thirty Years’ War

Question 18

Portuguese prince that started the age of exploration

Answer 18

Henry the Navigator

Question 19

Portuguese explorer who reached the Cape of Good Hope

Answer 19

Batholomew Diaz

Question 20

Portuguese explorer who reached India

Answer 20

Vasco da Gama

Question 21

small, light, three-masted ship

Answer 21

caravel

Question 22

helped determine latitude

Answer 22

astrolabe

Question 23

circumnavigated globe

Answer 23

Ferdinand Magellan

Question 24

conquered Aztecs

Answer 24

Hernan Cortes

Question 25

conquered Incas

Answer 25

Francisco Pizarro

Question 26

used the essay to express thoughts; skeptic

Answer 26

Michel de Montaigne

Question 27

School of thought founded on doubt that total certainty or definitive knowledge is attainable

Answer 27

skepticism

Question 28

artistic movement influenced by Counterreformation’s desire to appeal to sense of common man and move them emotionally

Answer 28

Baroque