W10_07 Ultrasound in Gynecology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in W10_07 Ultrasound in Gynecology Deck (38)
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1
Q

which two types of transducers are typically used in gynecology?

A

transabdominal or transvaginal

2
Q

pros of trans-vaginal probe?

A

higher resolution (lower penetrance); unaffected by BMI

3
Q

recall piezoelectrical phenomenon

A

ok

4
Q

what’s A mode imaging?

A

amplitude - one slice, height proportional to intensity of signal

5
Q

what’s B mode imaging?

A

brightness - 2D image. Typically used in clinic

6
Q

what’s M mode imaging?

A

motion - records amplitudes in a slice wrt time

7
Q

what does ALARA stand for?

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

8
Q

what’s the purpose of a hysterosalpingogram?

A

use contrast to check patency of fallopian tubes

9
Q

what does cervical motion tenderness indicate?

A

peritoneal irritation or PID?

10
Q

when do you see a gestational sac?

A

5.5 weeks (TA), 5 weeks (TVS)

11
Q

when do you see a double decidual sign?

A

5.5-6 weeks

12
Q

when do you see the fetal heart beat?

A

6.5 weeks (TAS), 5-6 weeks (TVS)

13
Q

when do you see the fetal pole?

A

6-7 weeks

14
Q

read the slides for images

A

read the slides for images

15
Q

how to tell the gestational sac from the pseudogestational sac?

A

gestational sac has the double-decidual sign

16
Q

how do hemoperitoneums look on ultrasound?

A

hypoechoic area, posterior to uterus

17
Q

note: hemorrhagic cyst is hypoechoic, not anechoic

A

note that they retract and clot after a while

18
Q

what’s the point of the hysterosonogram?

A

distend endometrial cavity to see the lining better. With saline

19
Q

define primary amenorrhea

A

absence of: secondary sex characteristics by 14;
menses by 16
menses after 4 years post thelarche
menses after 1 year post pubarche

20
Q

define secondary amenorrhea

A

6 months of amenorrhea after 1st menstruation or 3 cycles with no menstruation

21
Q

disorders of which organs can cause amenorrhea?

A

hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, ovary, outflow tract

22
Q

what’s sheehan syndrome?

A

at birth, some event results in hypovolemia. They recover okay, but then can’t breastfeed because of an infarct in the pituitary and can’t secrete prolactin

23
Q

how does hyperthyroidism affect the luteal phase?

A

shortens it

24
Q

what’s kallman’s syndrome?

A

failure to get to puberty. Also anosia. Caused by failure of neurons that make GnRH to migrate into the hypothalamus

25
Q

what’s the ferriman-gallwey score?

A

scores various body parts for the presence of hair. Total = 36

26
Q

what’s the tanner scale?

A

looks at breast and pubic/armpit hair development

27
Q

when to order labs for LH/FSH/estradiol?

A

when the person is not having their period, these are helpful

28
Q

which labs to order when there’s amenorrhea?

A

LH/FSH/estradiol;
TSH;
prolactin;
bone age;
pregnancy test;
ultrasound;
bone densitometry if long hx

29
Q

note: prolactin is the only inhibited hormone. It’s inhibited by dopamine

A

ok

30
Q

how to treat hyperprolactinemia?

A

dopamine agonist

31
Q

what’s the minimum treatment for PCOS?

A

cyclic provera to prevent endometrial growth

32
Q

define oligomenorrhea

A

reduction in frequency of menses

33
Q

define hypomenorrhea

A

reduction in number of days and volume of flow

34
Q

define menometrorrhagia

A

prolonged, heavy uterine bleeding occuring at irregular intervals

35
Q

define menorrhagia

A

prolonged, heavy uterine bleeding occuring at regular intervals

36
Q

what causes menorrhagia?

A

uterus is unable to contract down on open venous sinuses in the zona basalis

37
Q

define anovulatory bleed

A

the endometrium gets huge and can’t maintain itself - causing huge downpour and shedding of the tissues

38
Q

what’s the medical management for menorrhagia?

A

NSAIDs, danazol (less commonly used now), antifibrinolytics, OCP, IUD w/progesterone, GnRH agonist, conjugated estrogens for acute bleeding

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