W12_08 pediatric infectious diseases Flashcards Preview

MMMD 2 > W12_08 pediatric infectious diseases > Flashcards

Flashcards in W12_08 pediatric infectious diseases Deck (28)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

what are the big six infectious diseases killers?

A

HIV/AIDS;
tuberculosis;
pneumonia/influenza;
diarrheal diseases;
malaria;
measles

2
Q

note: newborns don’t have an adaptive system - no T cells, so typically T-cell independent responses

A

thus they have poor responses to polysaccharide antigens

3
Q

when does the mother give the baby transplacental maternal IgG?

A

rule of thumb: 28 weeks

4
Q

what are three anatomical challenges that predisposes kids to infections?

A

narrower airways;
eustachian tube angle predisposes to ear infection;
anatomic malformations may be present (vesicoureteral reflex)

5
Q

note: age affects disease severity

A

e.g. rubella is devastating in infants but not a problem in children

6
Q

define fever without a souce in an infant

A

acute febrile illness without apparent etiology

7
Q

define serious bacterial infection

A

meningitis, sepsis, bone & joint infections, UTI, pneumonia, enteritis

8
Q

define toxic appearance

A

clinical picture consistent with the sepsis syndrome

9
Q

what’s the incidence of a serious bacterial infection in a child with a toxic appearance?

A

15-20%

10
Q

what’s the management of a serious bacterial infection suspicion?

A

full septic workup =
CBC/blood culture;
urinalysis and urine culture;
lumbar puncture;
CXR;
stool microscopy and culture

11
Q

what are some life-threatening bacteria infections in infants?

A

e-coli;
GBS;
listeria monocytogenes

12
Q

what are some life-threatening viruses infections in infants?

A

herpes simplex virus;
enteroviruses and parechoviruses

13
Q

if meningitis suspected, would you choose gentamycin or cefotaxime?

A

cefotaxime - 3rd gen ceph has better BBB penetration

14
Q

ampicillin covers E coli, group B strep, and listeria

A

ok

15
Q

if you suspect herpes simplex virus in an infant, which drug do you give?

A

acyclovir;
note, it’s a tough decision because of side effects of drug

16
Q

pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis may indicate what?

A

early onset GBS infection (< 7 days)

17
Q

meningitis, osteomyelitis, soft tissue infections, sepsis may indicate what?

A

late onset GBS infection (> 7 days)

18
Q

how to manage the GBS infection?

A

ampicillin and maybe gentamycin;
iv fluids, inotropic support for hypotension, ventilatory support

19
Q

what’s the maternal treatment for GBS infection?

A

penicillin G (no resistance)

20
Q

what’s the threshold for WBC count in a baby that looks well and with risk of maternal GBS infection?

A

if WBC < 5, then FSWU and treat pending culture results

21
Q

note: you cannot exclude HSV infection in the infant on the basis of maternal history

A

60-80% of women who deliver an HSV infected child have never had genital lesions

22
Q

note:neurological symptoms of HSV tend to come later than the skin or disseminated symptoms (assuming the HSV is targeting that region)

A

ok

23
Q

what’s the diagnosis for HSV?

A

PCR or culture the lesions and bodily fluids;
lumbar puncture essential in all cases

24
Q

what’s the treatment for HSV?

A

IV acyclorvir 60 mg/kg/day

25
Q

the risk of bacterial infection in 1 month old neonates is high even in those without symptoms

A

ok

26
Q

what are common bacterial pathogens of the 29-90 day infant group?

A

same as the neonates, but with added
strep pneumo;
n.meningitidis;
staph aureus;
group a strep

27
Q

what’s the more common infection in the 3-36 month old child?

A

viral - treatment most often is to just watch

28
Q

note: you can start to use vancomycin in children older than 1 month for suspected meningitis

A

ok

Decks in MMMD 2 Class (64):