W13_07 allergy and immunology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in W13_07 allergy and immunology Deck (20)
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1
Q

what’s an allergy?

A

due to excessive IgE production to certain antigens

2
Q

what mediators are released when a bound IgE binds its antigen?

A

histamine;
prostaglandins;
leukotrienes

3
Q

what are the most common food alelrgens in children?

A

cow milk;
chicken egg;
legumes;
tree nuts;
fish;
crustaceans;
mollusk;
cereal grains

4
Q

note: the major food allergens are primarily water-soluble glycoproteins with a molecular weight of 10-65 kDa

A

ok

5
Q

note: the cost of rhinoconjunctivitis alone in 1996 in the US was 6 billion dollars

A

ok

6
Q

what’s the allergic salute?

A

rub nose upwards to wipe out the snot. Leaves a horizontal crease in the nose. Advise against

7
Q

define rhinitis

A

inflammation of the membranes lining the nose

8
Q

define atopy

A

allergic reaction in a body part not in contact with the allergen

9
Q

what’s the skin prick test?

A

placement of a small drop of extract on the volar surface of the forearm or back;
doesn’t determine allergic disease, but tests for presence of IgE antibodies

10
Q

note: NPV of skin prick test is very high (99%), PPV is variable (less than 50% for some foods)

A

ok

11
Q

which allergy does intracutaneous testing usually test for?

A

penicillin;
vaccines;
venom;
(note: used after negative SPT, but many false positives)

12
Q

what’s the gold standard for food allergy diagnosis?

A

double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge

13
Q

what’s the radioallergosorbent test?

A

rast test;
kind of like an elisa, using a radio-labelled antigen

14
Q

what’s xolair?

A

anti-IgE antibody;
omalizumab

15
Q

note: you can decrease humidity to reduce allergies

A

ok (shortens the life cycle of bugs that produce allergens)

16
Q

what are some pharmacologic therapies to allergy?

A

oral: antihistamines, decongestants, antileukotrienes;
nasal: antihistamines, corticosteroids

17
Q

what’s the working definition of anaphylaxis?

A

severe involvement of respiratory function and/or hypotension, plus clinical features like skin involvement and GI symptoms

18
Q

anaphylaxis is a clinical diagnosis. But there is a protein that’s considered a marker. What is it?

A

serum tryptase

19
Q

when does the biphasic reaction of anaphylaxis occur, if it occurs?

A

within 4-8 hours in 15-30% of anaphylaxis cases

20
Q

what’s the acute management of anaphylaxis?

A

ABC;
large bore IV;
epi IM (IV if critically ill);
diphenhydramine;
steroids

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