W13_05 pediatric pharmacology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in W13_05 pediatric pharmacology Deck (16)
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1
Q

what affects absorption in neonates?

A

gastric peristalsis is unpredictable, and there’s a short intestinal transit time

2
Q

what affects drug distribution in neonates?

A

there’s only 80% of albumin in a kid than an adult;
a1 glycoprotein is only 30# of adult levels;
interfering substances, like high bilirubin, which can displace bound drug to free, active drug

3
Q

what’s the apparent volume of distribution of a highly protein-bound drug?

A

low

4
Q

what’s the apparent volume of distribution of a drug that’s extensively taken up by tissues?

A

high

5
Q

note: children are 80% water, as opposed to adults, who are 60% water (volume of distribution calculations)

A

ok

6
Q

note: children clear drugs faster thru liver and kidneys than adults do

A

liver is proportionally larger in a child

7
Q

note: neonates clear drugs more slowly than children and adults

A

give same loading dose;
give smaller maintenance dose;
recall the caffeine’s effects on the baby

8
Q

name some of the drugs that can easily kill a child

A

CCBs;
camphor;
narcotics;
aspirin/oil of wintergreen;
antidepressants;
patches/drops/sprays;
diabetes meds;
shot of alcohol

9
Q

why not give tetracycline to kids under 8?

A

causes brown stripes across teeth

10
Q

what risk does valproic acid cause in children?

A

liver failure;
developmental delay in kids taking multiple drugs

11
Q

what does ethanol do to infants?

A

hypoglycemia, secondary to inhibition of gluconeogenesis and low glycogen stores

12
Q

what do sulfonamides do to neonates?

A

displaces bilirubin and causes kernicterus

13
Q

what’s Reye syndrome?

A

liver failure in children given aspirin. (children who had varicella)

14
Q

note: digoxin levels are inaccurate in children

A

ok

15
Q

what’s gasping syndrome?

A

benzyl alcohol incipient solution causes metabolic acidosis in neonates

16
Q

what does chloramphenicol do to babies?

A

cause hypotension and grey baby syndrome in neonates

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