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Flashcards in W12_01 common problems in infancy Deck (33)
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1
Q

what does the transactional model of development include?

A

attachment;
separation;
autonomy;
mastery

2
Q

what does the attachment stage of the transactional model of development include?

A

bonding;
internal security;
stranger anxiety;
exploration of environment

3
Q

what does the separation stage of the transactional model of development include?

A

child feels secure;
child takes risks;
parent acknowledges;
going to bed;
babysitter/daycare;
hospitalization

4
Q

what does the autonomy stage of the transactional model of development include?

A

behavioural independence;
thumbsucking;
rocking/head-banging;
transitional objects

5
Q

what does the mastery stage of the transactional model of development include?

A

competence in their environment;
feeding;
exploring;
dressing

6
Q

what can be problematic in the transactional model of development?

A

thumbsucking;
sleep disturbance;
exuberant explorer;
tempertantrums;
toilet training

7
Q

definition of infantile colic?

A

rule of threes:
3 hours/day;
3 days/week;
3 weeks in a row

8
Q

what’s the DDx of infantile colic?

A

cow’s milk intolerance (in mother too!);
otitis media;
GI problem;
others (fracture, etc.)

9
Q

what’s the treatment for infantile colic?

A

support;
swaddling;
white noise

10
Q

define gastroesophageal reflux (GER)

A

regurgitation in an otherwise healthy infant with normal growth and development;
not vomiting, which is projectile

11
Q

note: GER is different from GERD, where GERD is causing troubles and complications

A

ok

12
Q

complications of GERD?

A

esophagitis;
failure to thrive;
respiratory problems

13
Q

treatment of GERD?

A

hypoallergenic formula;
prop baby upright;
thicken formula;
histamine inhibitors or PPIs

14
Q

what’s the ferber technique?

A

a pediatric sleep method by giving reassurance and allowing to fall asleep alone

15
Q

what’s croup?

A

laryngo-tracheo-bronchitis, including stridor, hoarse voice, barky cough

16
Q

what’s the MoA of croup?

A

mucosa gets inflammed and swollen

17
Q

what’s the treatment of croup?

A

fluids;
humidity (not proven);
cold air;
steroid (dexa);
ER for those with stridor at rest, restlessness, retractions, tachypnea;
inhalation of racemic epinephrine

18
Q

do viruses or bacteria cause more pneumonia in children?

A

viruses;
bacteria more in adults

19
Q

most common form of pneumonia in birth - 1 month?

A

strep B;
coliforms;
others

20
Q

most common form of pneumonia in 1 month - 1 year?

A

pneumococcus;
h.influenza;
staphylococcus;
chlamydia

21
Q

most common form of pneumonia in 1 year - 5 years?

A

pneumococcus;
mycoplasma

22
Q

most common form of pneumonia in 5 years - 15 years?

A

pneumococcus;
mycoplasma;
sterptococcus

23
Q

define fever in a child

A

rectal/aural: 38;
oral: 37.5;
axilla: 37.2

24
Q

when’s the highest temperature?

A

late afternoon/evening;
lowest at night

25
Q

what are some causes of fever?

A

infection;
inflammatory disease;
malignancy;
misc (immunizations, dehydration,drugs,sickle cell, etc)

26
Q

how long does the common cold last in a kid?

A

usually 5-7d, up to 14

27
Q

what are some non-pharm treatments for the common cold?

A

steam, humidity, saline nasal drops, aspirator, elevate head

28
Q

note: avoid oral decongestants, antihistamines, expectorants, cough suppressants in kids under 6

A

they don’t work, and they induce side effects

29
Q

what are three things to diagnose otitis media?

A

fluid;
signs of inflammation (e..g bulging tympanic membrane);
pain

30
Q

what’s the most common cause of otitis media?

A

bacterial, not viral;
pneumococcus 35% of all bacterial infections

31
Q

note: many kids resolve otitis media spontaneously.

A

how do we find the ones that won’t get better?

32
Q

children under 2 years old are more likely to get better only with intervention

A

ok

33
Q

what’s the first line therapy for otitis media?

A

amoxicillin (75-90mg/kg/day in 2 doses);
can use amox-clav 90mg/kg/day if resistant;
can use ceftriaxone 50mg/kg/day

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