Wk 2 Anemia Classifications & Manifestations

Question 1

What are thrombocytes?

Answer 1

Platelets

Question 2

What makes up the plasma?

Answer 2

Protein (7%)
Water (91%)
Other solutes (2%)

Question 3

Anemia is classified by…

Answer 3

Morphology and etiology

Question 4

4 morphology classifications of anemia

Answer 4

Normocytic/normochromic
Macrocytic normochromic
Macrocytic hypochromic
Microcytic hypochromic

Question 5

What are three reasons for decreased RBC production?

Answer 5

Decreased nutrient
Decreased erythropoietin
Decreased iron availability

Question 6

What is the scientific name of vitamin b12?

Answer 6

cobalamin

Question 7

What are three examples of chronic blood loss that lead to anemia?

Answer 7

Duodenal ulcer
Colorectal cancer
Liver disease

Question 8

What is a common cause of a low H&H on a med-surg floor?

Answer 8

Patient came back from surgery, lost blood during surgery

Question 9

What are examples of increased RBC destruction etiologies of anemia?

Answer 9

Sickle cell disease
Medications
Incompatible blood
Trauma

Question 10

How is trauma an example of increased RBC destruction etiology for anemia?

Answer 10

Cardiopulmonary bypass

Question 11

What medication may cause increased RBC destruction?

Answer 11

Methyldopa

Question 12

If you don’t have enough hemoglobin to synthesize the RBC (RBC production), what type of anemia is this?

Answer 12

Iron-deficiency anemia

Question 13

If you have defective DNA synthesis, what type of anemias do you have?

Answer 13

B12 deficiency (cobalamin)
Folic acid deficiency

Question 14

defective DNA synthesis is also called…

Answer 14

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 15

What is the most common cause of b12 deficiency anemia?

Answer 15

Pernicious anemia (lacks intrinsic factor)

Question 16

Someone with pernicious anemia might also have…

Answer 16

Other autoimmune diseases such as diabetes

Question 17

What types of anemias are caused by a decrease in RBC precursors (red bone marrow)?

Answer 17

Aplastic anemia
Chronic disease (renal failure)
Medications (chemotherapy)

Question 18

A group of anemia disorders caused by impaired DNA synthesis

Answer 18

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 19

The RBCs in megaloblastic anemias are __ and __

Answer 19

big and abnormal

Question 20

Why are megaloblasts (RBCs) easily destroyed?

Answer 20

They have fragile cell membranes

Question 21

What are 2 megaloblastic anemias?

Answer 21

b12 and folate deficiency

Question 22

What is an insidious disease?

Answer 22

Any disease that comes on slowly and does not have obvious symptoms at first. The person is not aware of it developing.

Question 23

3 examples of chronic blood loss that can lead to anemia

Answer 23

Gastritis
Menstrual flow
Hemorrhoids

Question 24

A patient with an insidious disease that causes anemia may not be as…

Answer 24

Symptomatic as someone with a quick onset, such as traumatic bleeding

Question 25

Wrong blood infusion can cause __ anemia

Answer 25

Hemolytic

Question 26

What are symptoms of severe anemia? (4)

Answer 26

Syncope Angina MI Worsening CHF

Question 27

What is the lab value for mild anemia?

Answer 27

Hgb 10-14

Question 28

What are the symptoms of mild anemia?

Answer 28

Usually none, or mild with activity

Question 29

Who is someone who might be mildly anemic?

Answer 29

Someone with heavy menstrual periods

Question 30

What is the lab value for moderate anemia?

Answer 30

Hgb 6-10

Question 31

What are the symptoms of moderate anemia?

Answer 31

Cardiopulmonary symptoms that may occur at rest

Question 32

What is the lab value for severe anemia?

Answer 32

Hgb less than 6

Question 33

What are the symptoms of severe anemia?

Answer 33

Many body symptoms involved | Symptoms at rest

Question 34

Why is someone with anemia weak and fatigued?

Answer 34

There isn't enough oxygen getting delivered to the muscles and not enough energy being produced

Question 35

Why is someone with anemia pale?

Answer 35

Peripheral vasoconstriction, blood being shunted to vital organs

Question 36

Why might someone with anemia be tachycardic or have palpitations?

Answer 36

Cardiac output is increasing to compensate

Question 37

/What is the equation for cardiac output?

Answer 37

CO = HR x SV

Question 38

__ is an indirect measure of cardiac output

Answer 38

BP

Question 39

Why does a patient with anemia experience bone pain?

Answer 39

Secretion of erythropoietin goes up, bones are producing more rbcs to compensate for lack of oxygen

Question 40

Where might a patient with anemia experience bone pain (on the body)?

Answer 40

iliac crest and sternum

Question 41

Why might someone with anemia have a MI, get HF, or have angina?

Answer 41

Hypoxia effecting the heart muscle

Question 42

Why might a patient with anemia be experiencing dyspnea or tachypnea?

Answer 42

They are hypoxic and overall oxygenation is low