Wk 4 Review of Terms and Skin Cancer Flashcards
(94 cards)
1
Q
What is a macule?
A
Circumscribed, flat discoloration
2
Q
What colors can a macule be?
A
Blue
Red
Brown
Hypopigmented
3
Q
How large are macules?
A
<0.5cm in diameter
4
Q
If a macule is >0.5cm, it is a __
A
patch
5
Q
What are examples of macules?
A
Freckles
Petechiae
Measles
Flat mole
Cafe-au-lait spots
Vitiligo
6
Q
What is a nevus?
A
A flat mole
7
Q
What is vitiligo?
A
Complete depigmentation
8
Q
This is an example of a…
A
Macule patch
9
Q
This is an example of a…
A
Macule
10
Q
What is this called?
A
Vitiligo (macule)
11
Q
What is the medical term for a birth mark?
A
Cafe-au-lait spots
12
Q
What is this an example of?
A
Cafe-au-lait spot
13
Q
How do you pronounce cafe-au-lait?
A
Cafe - oh - lay
14
Q
What is this an example of?
A
Petechiae (macule)
15
Q
What is this an example of?
A
Nevus (flat mole) (macule)
16
Q
Petechiae look like freckles, but they are not they are tiny __
A
Hemorrhages
17
Q
What is a bruised area called?
A
Ecchymosis
18
Q
What are some causes of petechiae?
A
Thrombocytopenia
Leukemia
Vasculitis
Infectious diseases
19
Q
What is this an example of?
A
Measles (Rubella) (macules)
20
Q
What is a papule?
A
Elevated, solid lesion
21
Q
How large is a papule?
A
<0.5cm in diameter
22
Q
What colors are papules?
A
Color varies
23
Q
If a papule is >0.5cm in diameter, then it is a __
A
nodule
24
Q
What are examples of papules?
A
Warts (verruca)
elevated moles
lipomas
basal cell carcinoma
25
How do you pronounce vitiligo?
Vit uh lie go
26
What is the medical term for a wart?
Verruca
27
This is an example of a...
lipoma (papule)
28
This is an example of...
basal cell carcinoma (papule)
29
What is a plaque?
Circumscribed, elevated, superficial solid lesion
30
How large are plaques?
\>0.5cm in diameter
31
What are 2 examples of plaques?
Psoriasis
Seborrheic and actinic keratosis
32
This is an example of...
Psoriasis (plaque)
33
This is an example of...
Actinic keratosis (plaque)
34
This is an example of...
Seborrheic keratosis (plaque)
35
What is a pustule?
Elevated, superficial lesion filled with purulent fluid
36
What are two examples of a pustule?
Acne
Impetigo
37
This is an example of...
Impetigo (pustule)
38
Impetigo is most common in...
Children
39
What is a vesicle?
Circumscribed, superficial collection of serous fluid
40
How large is a vesicle?
\<0.5cm in diameter
41
If a pustule is greater than 0.5cm in diameter, it is called a...
bulla
42
What are 3 examples of vesicles?
Varicella
Herpes Zoster
Second-degree burn
43
What virus causes chickenpox?
Varicella
44
What virus causes shingles?
herpes zoster
45
This is an example of...
second-degree burn (vesicle)
46
This is an example of...
Shingles (vesicle)
47
This is an exampe of...
Chickenpox (vesicle)
48
What is a wheal?
Firm, edematous, irregularly shaped area (size varies)
49
What is something notable about a wheal?
They may last only a few hours
50
What are 3 example of wheals?
Insect bite
Urticaria
Angioedema
51
What is angioedema?
a reaction similar to hives that affects deeper layers of the skin. It can appear with hives or alone. Signs and symptoms include: Welts that form in minutes to hours. Swelling, especially around the eyes, cheeks or lips.
52
This is an example of...
Angioedema (wheal)
53
What are the primary skin lesions? (6)
Macule
Papule
Plaque
Pustule
Vesicle
Wheal
54
What is atrophy?
Depression in skin resulting from thinning of the epidermis or demis
55
What are 2 examples of atrophy?
Aged skin
Striae
56
What is excoriation?
Area in which epidermis is missing, exposing the dermis
57
What are two examples of excoration?
scratch
abrasion
58
What is a fissure?
Linear crack or break from the epidermis to the dermis
59
A fissure can be __ or \_\_
dry or moist
60
What are 3 examples of fissures?
Athlete's foot
Chapping
Eczema
61
What is scaling?
Excess, dead epidermal cells made by abnormal keratinization and shedding
62
What are 2 examples of scaling?
Flaking of skin after a drug reaction or a sunburn
63
What is an abnormal formation of connective tissue that replaces normal skin?
Scarring
64
What are 2 examples of scarring?
Surgical incision
Healed wound
65
What is an ulcer?
Loss of the epidermis and dermis, crater-like irregular shape.
66
An ulcer heals with \_\_
scarring
67
What are 2 examples of an ulcer?
Pressure ulcer
Chancre
68
This is an example of...
a chancre (syphilis) (ulcer)
69
What is pale skin called?
Pallor
70
What do you call reddened skin?
Erythema
71
Skin cancer is the most __ cancer
diagnosed
72
Skin cancers are classifed as __ or \_\_
nonmelanoma or melanoma
73
Early detection of skin cancer is mostly because..
lesions are visible
74
What are 5 risk factors for skin cancer
Fair skinned
History of outdoor activities
Leaving near equator or high altitudes
Family history of skin cancer
Indoor tanning
75
What are the secondary lesions?
Atrophy
Excoriation
Fissure
Scale
Scar
Ulcer
76
Basal cell carcinoma is a __ skin cancer
nonmelanoma
77
What do the plaques of basal cell carcinoma look like? (4 characteristics)
Erythematous
Pearly
sharply defined
depression in the middle
78
Squamous cell carcinoma is a __ skin cancer
nonmelanoma
79
What causes squamous cell cancer?
Comes from keratinizing epidermal cells
80
Squamous cell carcinoma can be \_\_
agressive
81
What do the lesions of squamous cell carcinoma look like?
Thin
Scaly
Erythematous plaque
82
This is an example of...
squamous cell carcinoma
83
Where does malignant melanoma come from?
Tumors come from melanocytes
84
10% of patients with malignant melanoma have a...
1st degree relative with the disease (familial component)
85
Treatment for malignant melanoma depends on...
The depth of the lesion
86
If the lesion for malignant melanoma is \>1.5mm, what is the treatment?
Requires treatment AFTER removal
87
Concerning malignant melanoma, there is a correlation between what?
Survival rates and depth of the lesion
88
What is the prognosis for malignant melanoma?
Poor unless diagnosed and treated early
89
Malignant melanaoma may...
metastasize to ANY organ
90
This is an exampe of...
malignant melanoma
91
What is the ABDCE mnemonic stand for?
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving
92
What is the ABCDE used for?
Malignant melanoma
93
What is the diagnostic tool for malignant melanoma
biopsy
94
What are 4 nursing implications for a patient with skin cancer?
Skin integrity care
Anxiety/coping
Teach related to are of biopsy
Annual dermatology checkups
