Wk 1 Respiratory Labs and Diagnostics

Question 1

What is oximetry referring to?

Answer 1

The amount of hemoglobin that is carrying oxygen

Question 2

Decreased pulse ox could mean…

Answer 2

Hypoventilation, atelectasis, pneumothorax,

Question 3

Oximetry is commonly used to __ oxygen levels in hospitalized patients

Answer 3

titrate

Question 4

You can also put an pulse ox on an __ __ or __

Answer 4

ear lobe or toe

Question 5

Three types of sputum tests

Answer 5

C&S, Cytology, and AFB (acid fast bacillus)

Question 6

A C&S sputum should not be…

Answer 6

saliva

Question 7

A C&S sputum should be from where?

Answer 7

The throat

Question 8

What time is best to get a C&S sputum?

Answer 8

Early am

Question 9

For a chest x-ray, the patient needs to remove the metal on their body from where?

Answer 9

Between neck and waist

Question 10

What does CT scan stand for?

Answer 10

Computed tomography

Question 11

Describe the experience of the CT scan

Answer 11

Hard table, scanner revolves around body, and makes a clicking sound

Question 12

CT scans can be with or without

Answer 12

contrast

Question 13

What is contrast?

Answer 13

A medium that is injected into the patient’s IV to help highlight their internal structures

Question 14

Contrast is typically __ based

Answer 14

Iodine

Question 15

Contrast is nephro__

Answer 15

nephrotoxic, hard on the kidneys

Question 16

Two labs you need to look at if a patient is going for a CT with contast

Answer 16

creatinine and BUN

Question 17

A way you can tell if a patient might have a reaction to the iodine-based contrast for a CT is by asking them what?

Answer 17

If they are allergic to shellfish

Question 18

When the contrast is injected the patient will feel a __ __ all over their body

Answer 18

warm flush

Question 19

What should you encourage after the CT and why?

Answer 19

Increased fluid PO intake to flush to contrast out of the kidneys

Question 20

What does MRI stand for?

Answer 20

magnetic resonance imaging

Question 21

What is a MRI used for?

Answer 21

Assess lesions that are difficult to asses by CT and for distinguishing vascular from nonvascular structures

Question 22

MRI does use a __ medium

Answer 22

contrast

Question 23

What is different about the contrast medium for MRI?

Answer 23

It’s not iodine based

Question 24

If the MRI is “closed” what is a concern for the patient?

Answer 24

Claustrophobia

Question 25

What is important to do before having an MRI?

Answer 25

Remove everything and anything metal

Question 26

What does a PET scan stand for?

Answer 26

Positron Emission Tomography scan

Question 27

How does a PET scan work?

Answer 27

It uses a radioactive substance called a tracer to look for lung disease/cancer

Question 28

What is the difference between MRI/CT and a PET scan?

Answer 28

MRI/CT look at structure while a PET scan looks at function

Question 29

Examples of things a PET scan can look for...

Answer 29

Blood flow, use of oxygen, uptake of sugar

Question 30

A TB skin test is injection __

Answer 30

intradermally

Question 31

What degree angle should you inject a TB skin test?

Answer 31

10-15 degrees

Question 32

The solution for a TB needs to be in the __ and cause a __

Answer 32

epidermis, bleb

Question 33

What is a bronchoscopy?

Answer 33

Scoping of the bronchi

Question 34

Two reasons for a bronchoscopy

Answer 34

Obtain a biopsy or for treatment

Question 35

What needs to be anesthetized for a bronchoscopy?

Answer 35

Naso and/or oropharynx

Question 36

3 nursing care considerations for a patient before a bronchoscopy

Answer 36

Consent form, NPO for 6-12 hours, give sedation

Question 37

3 nursing care considerations for a patient after a bronchoscopy

Answer 37

Keep NPO until gag reflex returns Blood tinged mucus NOT abnormal If biopsy done, monitor for hemorrhage or pneumothorax

Question 38

What is the first sign of internal bleeding?

Answer 38

An increase in heart rate that is unexplained

Question 39

What is the next best nursing action for a patient experiencing blood tinged mucous after a bronchoscopy?

Answer 39

Document the findings

Question 40

What is a pneumothorax?

Answer 40

Collapsed lung

Question 41

4 ways a lung biopsy can be taken

Answer 41

Bronchoscopy, transthoracic needle aspiration, open lung biopsy, VATS procedure

Question 42

What is a VATS procedure?

Answer 42

Video assisted thoracic surgery

Question 43

Where is a VATS procedure done?

Answer 43

OR

Question 44

Where is an open lung biopsy done?

Answer 44

OR

Question 45

Where is a transthoracic needle aspiration done?

Answer 45

Radiology with CT guidance

Question 46

Where is a bronchoscopy done?

Answer 46

Endoscopy suite

Question 47

What is a cystoscopy?

Answer 47

Scoping of the bladder

Question 48

What is a pleural effusion?

Answer 48

Build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs

Question 49

What is the treatment for a pleural effusion?

Answer 49

Thoracentesis

Question 50

3 reasons for a thoracentesis

Answer 50

obtain fluid for diagnosis, remove pleural fluid, instill medication

Question 51

What do they do during a thoracentesis?

Answer 51

Insert a large bore needle into the pleural space

Question 52

What is the problem with a pleural effusion?

Answer 52

Impacts surface area for oxygen delivery

Question 53

What is third spacing?

Answer 53

accumulation of fluid from the blood within body cavities, intestinal areas, or areas of the body that normally contain little or no fluid.

Question 54

3 nursing considerations before a thoracentesis

Answer 54

consent form, patient upright with elbows on overhead table in room, instruct not to talk

Question 55

Nursing care after thoracentesis

Answer 55

Chest x ray and assess for hypoxia and pneumothorax

Question 56

During a pulmonary function test, most patient have their nose

Answer 56

pinched

Question 57

Maximum amount of air expelled forcefully in 1 second is what?

Answer 57

forced expiratory volume or FEV1

Question 58

Who has a problem pushing air out?

Answer 58

COPD patients!

Question 59

The FEV1 on a patient with COPD would be...

Answer 59

lower

Question 60

What is a peak flow meter?

Answer 60

It's used in asthma patients to assess for early asthma attack. Measures their FEV1