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Med Surg I > Wk 4 Burns > Flashcards

Wk 4 Burns Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 6 types of burns?

A

Thermal
Chemical
Inhalation
Electrical
Radiation
Extreme temperature

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2
Q

What is the most common type of burn?

A

Thermal

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3
Q

What is a chemical burn?

A

Exposed to acid, alkaline, or chemicals

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4
Q

What happens during an inhalation burn?

A

Causes oral/nasal, esophageal, and direct parenchymal lung injury

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5
Q

Who is at risk for extreme temperature burns?

A

Children and the elderly due to their reduced ability to generate heat

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6
Q

What 5 factors influence severity of a burn?

A

Depth
% of body covered
Location
Age of patient
Health of patient

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7
Q

If the burn is severe enough the patient will be transferred to..

A

a burn center

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8
Q

What is a second degree burn?

A

Includes epidermis and dermis

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9
Q

What is another name for a second degree burn?

A

Deep partial thickness

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10
Q

What is a third degree burn?

A

Full thickness, includes all layers

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11
Q

What is a 1st degree burn called?

A

Superficial partial thickness

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12
Q

A third and fourth degree burn, a patient may not…

A

feel because the nerves are destroyed

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13
Q

% of body burned

A

Rule of Nines

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14
Q

The head accounts for __% of rule of nines

A

4.5% (on one side)

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15
Q

The torso accounts for __% of rule of nines

A

18% (on one side)

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16
Q

The legs account for __% of rule of nines

A

9% each, on one side

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17
Q

The arms account for _% of rule of nines

A

4.5% each, on one side

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18
Q

The groin area accounts for __% of rule of nines

A

1%

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19
Q

What are the 3 phases of burn management

A

Emergent/Resuscitative Phase
Acute Phase
Rehabilitative Phase

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20
Q

How long does the emergent phase last for?

A

Up tp 72 hours from the time the burn occurred

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21
Q

What are the main concerns in the emergent phase of burns?

A

Hypovolemic shock
Edema formation

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22
Q

When does the emergent phase end?

A

Fluid mobilization and diuresis begins

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23
Q

What is the pathophysiology (general) of the emergent phase of a burn?

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A

Massive fluid and electrolyte shift related to massive increase in capillary permeability

24
Q

What is the primary concern with the emergent phase?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hypovolemic shock

25
What is a circumferential burn?
A burn that goes all the way around the extremity
26
What are thew 2 major concerns of the cardiovascular system during the emergent phase of a burn?
Shock and increased blood viscosity, + VTE Circumferential burns and edema impair circulation
27
What might a provider need to do to restore circulation during the emergent phase of a burn?
Escharotomy
28
What is an escharotomy?
full-thickness incision through the eschar, exposing the subcutaneous fat
29
This is an example of a...
Escharotomy
30
What are we concerned about with the pulmonary system during the emergent phase of a burn?
upper and lower airway
31
What is the concern with the urinary system during the emergent phase of a burn?
Acute renal failure
32
Why do the kidneys shut down during the emergent phase of a burn?
Decreased blood flow (from hypovolemic shock) Excessive myoglobin and hemoglobin released can block renal tubules
33
What is the number 1 nursing management during the emergent phase of a burn?
Airway management
34
What is the number 2 nursing management of the emergent phase of a burn?
Fluid therapy
35
A patient in the emergent phase of a burn will have have type of IV/fluids
2 large bore IV's or CVAD Fluid resuscitation
36
What are the IV fluids that are typically used during an emergeny phase of a burn? (2)
Crystalloids (Lactated Ringers) Colloids (Albumin) or both
37
What is the reason behind infusing large amounts of fluid into a patient in the emergent phase of a burn?
Increase blood volume to increase cardiac output
38
What is a fasciotomy?
a surgery to relieve swelling and pressure in a compartment of the body, cut into the fascia
39
When burn wounds are exposed, you must
PPE (hat, mask, gown, gloves) Sterile gloves to apply ointments/dressings
40
How warm should a burn patient's room be in the emergent phase of a burn?
85 degrees
41
Drug therapy for burns includes...
Opiods Sedatives Tetanus immunization Topical antimicrobials VTE Prophylaxis
42
What is a topical antimicrobial agent used in burns?
Silver sulfadiazine
43
What is the name brand for silver sulfadiazine?
Silvadene
44
When are systemic antibiotics used in burn patients?
Concerns regarding sepsis
45
What is the leading cause of death in burns?
Sepsis
46
What type of feeding would a burn patient be on?
Enteral to treat extreme hypermetabolic state
47
When does the acute phase of a burn begin?
With mobilization of extracellular fluid and subsequent diuresis
48
When does the actue phase end?
When partial-thickness wounds are healed and full-thickness are covered by skin grafts
49
How long is the acute phase?
Takes weeks to months
50
With partial thickness, there is eschar formation, it is then...
Removed for regeneration of epithelium
51
With full thickness burns, the eschar takes longer...
to separate. Surgical debridement and skin grafting is common
52
A burn patient may need what types of therapy?
PT OT Psychiatry
53
What are the 2 goals of the rehabilitation phase?
Working toward resuming functional role in society Rehabilitate from any reconstructive surgery that may be needed
54
What do you want to avoid during the rehabilitation phase?
Contractures and hypertrophic scarring
55
What helps keep scars flat?
Pressure garments
56
What else might a patient need to do in the rehabilitation phase?
Schedule ROM

Med Surg I (41 decks)

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