Flashcards in 03 Principles, Processes, and Concepts / 03.10 Operant Conditioning Paradigm Deck (24)
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1
You find that moving in your seat can temporarily relieve back pain. Relief from pain probably serves as
punishment.
extinction.
negative reinforcement.
positive reinforcement.
negative reinforcement.
2
In operant conditioning, stimulus control is a function of
antecedent events only.
antecedent reinforcers.
antecedent and consequent events.
consequent events only.
antecedent and consequent events.
3
For reinforcement to occur,
the reinforcer must be correlated with a particular discriminative stimulus.
the discriminative stimulus must immediately follow the reinforcer.
the consequence must increase the future probability of the behavior.
(all of the others)
the consequence must increase the future probability of the behavior.
4
Which of the following includes ALL SECONDARY reinforcers?
money, soothing words from a spouse, voice of a friend
recreational drugs, knowing the time of day, beautiful art
religion, fashion, drinking water
sexual stimulation, your image in a mirror, your favorite fast food logo
money, soothing words from a spouse, voice of a friend
5
In operant conditioning, there is
a correlation between a reinforcer and a consequence.
a correlation between two stimuli.
exclusive control by an antecedent stimulus.
a correlation between a behavior and a consequence.
a correlation between a behavior and a consequence.
6
With negative reinforcement,
a stimulus is PRESENTED AFTER a behavior and DECREASES the future probability of the behavior.
a stimulus is PRESENTED AFTER a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior.
a stimulus is REMOVED BEFORE a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior.
a stimulus is REMOVED AFTER a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior.
a stimulus is REMOVED AFTER a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior.
7
With positive reinforcement, a stimulus is
REMOVED AFTER a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior.
PRESENTED BEFORE a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior.
PRESENTED AFTER a behavior and DECREASES the future probability of the behavior.
PRESENTED AFTER a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior.
PRESENTED AFTER a behavior and INCREASES the future probability of the behavior.
8
Two arguing siblings are quieted (and remain quieted) by a parent's reprimand. For the SIBLINGS, the reprimand serves as
negative reinforcement.
positive reinforcement.
punishment.
extinction.
punishment.
9
A nonverbal student puts his hand over his mouth and nods "No" when offered non-preferred food. The person offering takes the food away. The student's behavior is maintained by
negative reinforcement.
type II punishment.
positive reinforcement.
type I punishment.
negative reinforcement.
10
Teasing increases after the teacher begins reprimanding a student for each occurrence of this behavior. This exemplifies
positive punishment.
positive reinforcement.
negative reinforcement.
reinforcement, although whether it is positive or negative cannot be determined.
positive reinforcement.
11
A frequently played with toy is made contingent upon compliance by the parents. However, they remove the toy contingency when the child says that he no longer cares about it. The toy
may still be a negative reinforcer.
is not a reinforcer.
may still be a positive reinforcer.
is probably a neutral stimulus.
It may still be a positive reinforcer.
12
For reinforcement to occur,
a behavior must have a consequence.
the consequence must increase the future probability of the behavior.
the increase in behavior must be due to the consequence.
(all of the others)
all
13
Operant conditioning is more likely to occur if
reinforcement is immediate.
stimulus control is exclusively through the antecedent.
punishment is delayed.
reinforcement is delayed.
reinforcement is immediate.
14
Escape
results in the termination of an aversive stimulus.
occurs in a positive reinforcement procedure.
results in the aversive stimulus not having to be experienced.
(all of the others)
results in the termination of an aversive stimulus.
15
Escape
increases the future probability of the behavior that precedes it.
occurs in a negative reinforcement procedure.
may be accompanied by avoidance of the setting in which the aversive stimulus occurs.
(all of the others)
all others
16
Primary reinforcers are
always present at birth.
(none of the others)
learned.
always edibles.
none
17
Avoidance
occurs in a positive reinforcement procedure.
results in the termination of an aversive stimulus.
results in the aversive stimulus being prevented.
(all of the others)
The aversive stimulus is prevented by the response.
18
Which of the following includes ALL SECONDARY reinforcers?
designer clothes, sleep, toilet paper
sexual stimulation, your image in a mirror, your favorite fast food logo
money, soothing words from a spouse, chocolate
religion, fashion, sexual jokes
religion, fashion, sexual jokes
19
A stimulus or event that is reinforcing without having to be conditioned is
an aversive stimulus.
a secondary reinforcer.
a primary reinforcer.
an unconditioned stimulus.
a primary reinforcer.
20
A stimulus presented contingent upon a behavior that increases the future probability of the behavior is
a positive reinforcer.
an unconditioned stimulus.
an unconditioned reinforcer.
a negative reinforcer.
a positive reinforcer.
21
A child requests a carrot from his mother and she gives it to him. He continues to request carrots. This exemplifies
positive reinforcement.
cognitive behavior.
phylogenic history.
respondent behavior.
positive reinforcement.
22
Which of the following includes ALL PRIMARY reinforcers?
sweets, oxygen, soft blankets
warmth, oxygen, sexual stimulation
sexual stimulation, water, money
water, food, nature
warmth, oxygen, sexual stimulation
23
Two arguing siblings are quieted by a parent's reprimand. For the PARENT, the quieting of the children probably serves as
extinction.
punishment.
positive reinforcement.
negative reinforcement.
negative reinforcement.
24