10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply As Factors Influencing Development Of Malocclusion Flashcards
(26 cards)
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
How pituitary problems affect dental development, based on experiments conducted on rats
- After hypophysectomy, rats experienced progressive retardation of incisor eruption=>
- Teeth 2/3 of their normal size w/ distorted form
- Injecting extracts of anterior lobe of pituitary gland into hypophysectomized rats restored normal incisor eruption rates
hypophysectomy (surgical removal of the pituitary gland)
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Role of thyroxin and growth hormones in dental growth and eruption, according to experiments on rats
- Thyroxin=>
- Eruption movements and tooth size
- Growth hormones=>
- Dental and alveolar growth
- Both influence eruption of teeth
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Manifestations of hypopituitarism in children and adults, and how it affects dental development
- Manifests as dwarfism in children and Simmond’s disease in adults
- In pituitary dwarfs=>
- Osseous development of mandible is more retarded than maxilla=>
- Smaller dental arch incapable of accommodating all teeth, resulting in malocclusion
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Hyperpituitarism and its two main forms
- Increase in acidophilic cells or adenoma of anterior lobe of pituitary gland=>gigantism or acromegaly
- Gigantism=>symmetric overgrowth of body
- Acromegaly=>enlarged hands, feet, skull, and mandible, resulting in skeletal class III malocclusion
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Dental characteristics associated with gigantism and acromegaly
- In gigantism=>teeth proportional to size of jaws and body=>
- w/ roots potentially longer than normal
- In acromegaly=>excessive mandibular growth=>
- Skeletal class III malocclusion
- Thickened lips 👄
- Enlarged tongue causing indentations 👅
- Vestibular tipping of mandibular teeth due to tongue enlargement.
- Multiple root resorptions may also occur
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Manifestations of hypothyroidism when it occurs during infancy and childhood
- Cretinism=>
- Mental defects
- Retarded somatic growth
- Generalized edema
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
How hypothyroidism in adulthood differs in its manifestations from infancy and childhood
- In adulthood=>
- Myxedema=>
- Lower metabolic rate
- Slowed heart rate
- Increased weight
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Physical characteristics associated with cretinism
- Thick neck
- Shorter extremities
- Thick lips
- Large protruding tongue=>
- Mandibular prognathism
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Orofacial manifestations of myxedema
- Edematous=>
- Lips, nose, eyelids
- Tongue=>
- Speech impairments
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Types of hyperthyroidism and their characteristic features
- Graves’ disease=>
- Diffuse hyperplasia of thyroid and eye signs
- Toxic adenoma=>
- Hyperfunction originates from benign thyroid tumor
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Common symptoms of hyperthyroidism
- Increased metabolic rate, blood pressure, heart rate
- Weakness
- Intolerance to heat
- Increased appetite
- Weight loss
- Nervousness, tremors, and increased sweating
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
How hyperthyroidism affects dental development, particularly the eruption of teeth
- Shedding of deciduous teeth occurs earlier than normal
- Eruption of permanent teeth greatly accelerated
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Primary cause of increased activity in primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenoma affecting one or more of the four parathyroid glands
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism among genders and age groups
- Primary hyperparathyroidism 3 times more prevalent in females than in males
- Affects people of middle age
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Common early signs and symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism
- Bone pain
- Joint stiffness
- Pathological fractures
- Occasionally, the first sign may be a giant cell tumor or a cyst of the jaw
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
How primary hyperparathyroidism affects bone density and structure
- Loss of phosphorus and calcium in primary hyperparathyroidism-> generalized osteoporosis
- Malocclusion due to sudden drifting of teeth
- Radiographic findings such as a “ground-glass appearance” in jaws
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Radiographic findings associated with primary hyperparathyroidism
- General radiolucency in bones
- Sharply defined round or oval radiolucent areas
- Partial loss of lamina dura around teeth
- Pulp calcification
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Common causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism
Secondary to other disorders, with the most common being end-stage renal disease
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Characteristic radiographic signs of bone disease involving the jaws in secondary hyperparathyroidism
Brown tumors and loss of lamina dura
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Causes and manifestations of hypoparathyroidism
- Surgical removal or congenital absence of the parathyroid glands=>
- Low serum calcium and high serum phosphorus level=>
- Aplasia or hypoplasia of teeth if develops before teeth formation complete
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
How sex hormones influence bone volume maintenance and craniofacial bone development
- Estrogen and androgen=>
- Bone volume, and their reduction can lead to osteoporosis
- Affect craniofacial bone development
- Suppression during puberty potentially inhibits mandibular growth and overall craniofacial development
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
Effects of sex hormone suppression during the pubertal growth phase
- Inhibition of craniofacial growth, particularly mandibular growth
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
How deficiencies in vitamins impact dental development timetables
- Lead to premature loss or prolonged retention of teeth
- Abnormal eruptive paths
- Poor tissue health
10. Deficiency In Endocrine Secretion And Insufficient Vitamin Supply
How vitamin D deficiency affects tooth development and overall health
- Impairs normal bone and tooth development leading to=>
- Delayed tooth eruption
- Misalignment
- Disturbed calcification
- Higher caries risk
- In severe cases, it can cause Rickets, characterized by hypomineralized bone matrix, and bowing of legs in children
