Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Question 1

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Teeth deviations in size

Answer 1

• Macrodontia
• Microdontia
• Tooth size different from average
• Affects single or group of teeth

Question 2

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Generalized macrodontia

Answer 2

• All teeth larger than normal
• Associated w/ pituitary gigantism

Generalized macrodontia affects the size of all teeth.

Question 3

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Relative generalized macrodontia

Answer 3

Normal or slightly larger than normal teeth in small jaws, hereditary factors

This type of macrodontia is influenced by genetics.

Question 4

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Teeth most affected by macrodontia

Answer 4

Central incisors and first molars

These teeth show a higher prevalence of macrodontia.

Question 5

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Common etiological factors of macrodontia

Answer 5

• Fusion
• Gemination
• Schizodontia
• Connation

These processes involve abnormal tooth formation.

Question 6

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Clinical features of macrodontia

Answer 6

• Severe crowding
• Tooth in middle of arch
• Rotation or inclination

Extraoral findings are not observed in macrodontia.

Question 7

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Problems are associated with macrodontia

Answer 7

• Lack of space in the arch – crowded teeth
• Aesthetics
• Abnormal morphology of pulp chambers and roots
• Caries risk
• Occlusal interference

These issues can impact both function and appearance.

Question 8

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Methods used for the diagnosis of macrodontia

Answer 8

Biometric measurements and indexes of Tonn, Bolton, Peck

These diagnostic tools help assess tooth size and relationships.

Question 9

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

What considered in the differential diagnosis of Macrodontia

Answer 9

Large or small teeth or large or small dental arches

This includes evaluating the size of both teeth and dental arches.

Question 10

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Treatment for SINGLE TOOTH macrodontia without aesthetic disturbances

Answer 10

Space gaining in the dental arch with stripping (proximal enamel reduction)

This approach aims to create more space in the dental arch.

Question 11

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Treatment for macrodontia with aesthetic disturbances

Answer 11

Establishing normal occlusion and establishing aesthetics

This focuses on restoring functional and aesthetic aspects of the teeth.

Question 12

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Treatment for macrodontia-dens in dente or dens invaginatus

Answer 12

Reduction of the MDD of the crown or extraction

MDD refers to the maximum diameter of the tooth crown.

Question 13

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Problems expected if disturbances in root size are present in cases of macrodontia

Answer 13

Problems with prosthetic restorations are expected

Root size can significantly affect the success of prosthetic treatments.

Question 14

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Treatment for macrodontia affecting groups of slightly oversized teeth

Answer 14

• Expansion of the dental arch
• Proximal enamel reduction

These solutions aim to manage the size and alignment of the teeth.

Question 15

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Treatment for macrodontia of groups of teeth causing malocclusion

Answer 15

Extractions

Malocclusion refers to misalignment of teeth, which may necessitate tooth removal.

Question 16

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Appliance used for stripping in the treatment of macrodontia

Answer 16

Fixed appliances

Stripping involves removing some enamel to reduce the size of teeth.

Question 17

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Appliance used for expansion in macrodontia

Answer 17

Removable appliance with a screw

This appliance helps widen the dental arch to accommodate oversized teeth.

Question 18

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Appliance used following extraction in the treatment of macrodontia

Answer 18

Fixed appliances

Fixed appliances may be utilized to support the alignment after extraction.

Question 19

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Microdontia

Answer 19

Teeth smaller than the average

Microdontia can significantly affect dental aesthetics and occlusion.

Question 20

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

What is one etiology of microdontia?

Answer 20

Reduction of tooth tissue due to hypovitaminosis - rickets

Rickets is a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.

Question 21

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Generalized microdontia

Answer 21

• All teeth smaller than normal=>
• Associated w/ pituitary dwarfism

Pituitary dwarfism results from a deficiency of growth hormone.

Question 22

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Relative generalized microdontia

Answer 22

Normal or slightly smaller than normal teeth in larger jaws, hereditary factors

This condition can occur when the jaw size is disproportionate to tooth size.

Question 23

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Microdontia involving a single tooth

Answer 23

• A common condition affecting most often maxillary lateral incisor and 3rd molar;->
• Supernumerary teeth are frequently small in size

Single tooth microdontia is often seen in conjunction with other dental anomalies.

Question 24

Developmental disturbances of the teeth

Common forms of localized microdontia

Answer 24

• Affects maxillary lateral incisors=>
• Presents as peg lateral or cone-shaped crown;
• Root is shorter than usual

Peg laterals can lead to aesthetic concerns and may require orthodontic intervention.

Question 25

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Treatment approach for microdontia of single teeth

Answer 25

Creating space for restoration, veneers, or crowns

Question 26

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Treatment for microdontia in groups of teeth with malocclusion

Answer 26

* Closing spaces=>mesial movement of posterior teeth and retroclination of incisors * Prosthetic treatment after straightening axis of teeth

Question 27

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Important to restore when treating microdontia

Answer 27

Restoring proximal teeth contacts

Question 28

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth What happens if proximal contact is not present in microdontia?

Answer 28

* Forces of mastication lead to mesial shift of posterior teeth, causing parodontitis * Tongue pushes incisors, causing proclination

Question 29

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Appliances used for microdontia

Answer 29

Fixed appliances

Question 30

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth What is the most common tooth affected by shape deviations?

Answer 30

Upper lateral incisors

Question 31

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Which tooth is more rarely affected by shape deviations?

Answer 31

Lower incisors

Question 32

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth What condition is often combined with hypodontia of the opposite tooth?

Answer 32

Shape deviations

Question 33

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Examples of crown deviations

Answer 33

* Tuberculum Carabelli * Dens invaginatus * Gemination * Talon’s cusp * Peg shaped lateral

Question 34

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Hutchinson’s incisors are characteristic of

Answer 34

Congenital syphilis ## Footnote Hutchinson’s incisors are a dental anomaly commonly associated with congenital syphilis.

Question 35

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Shape of lateral incisors in Hutchinson’s incisors.

Answer 35

Peg-shaped or screwdriver shaped ## Footnote These incisors are typically widely spaced and have a crescent-shaped deformity.

Question 36

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Distinctive feature of Hutchinson’s incisors

Answer 36

Crescent-shaped deformity, notched at the end ## Footnote This feature helps in identifying the condition during dental examinations.

Question 37

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Mulberry molars associated with

Answer 37

Congenital syphilis ## Footnote Mulberry molars are another dental manifestation linked to congenital syphilis.

Question 38

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth What characterizes mulberry molars?

Answer 38

Multiple rounded rudimentary enamel cusps on M1 ## Footnote These cusps appear dwarfed and are covered with globular enamel growths.

Question 39

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Types of root deviations

Answer 39

* Concresence * Enamel pearl * Dilaceration * Ankylosis ## Footnote These deviations can affect dental health and treatment.

Question 40

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth What problem is associated with root deviations?

Answer 40

Increased root area angled to the crown ## Footnote This alteration can lead to complications during tooth eruption.

Question 41

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth What difficulty can arise from root deviations?

Answer 41

Difficulty in eruption ## Footnote This can complicate dental treatments and overall oral health.

Question 42

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Persistent teeth

Answer 42

Remain in the dental arch beyond the expected time of exfoliation.

Question 43

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Hyperodontia

Answer 43

An increased number of teeth in primary or permanent dentition ## Footnote Hyperodontia refers to the condition where there are more than the normal number of teeth.

Question 44

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Teeth that do not fully erupt due to blockage by other teeth or bone.

Answer 44

Impacted teeth

Question 45

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Hypodontia

Answer 45

A reduced number of teeth in primary or permanent dentition ## Footnote Hypodontia refers to the condition where one or more teeth are missing.

Question 46

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Anodontia

Answer 46

A condition of having no teeth ## Footnote Anodontia is a severe form of hypodontia where all teeth are absent.

Question 47

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Etiology of hyperdontia

Answer 47

* **Hyperactivity theory**, which suggests continued proliferation of **dental lamina** * Splitting of permanent bud * Hereditary tendency ## Footnote This theory includes the formation of third tooth germs.

Question 48

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth What types of teeth can hyperdontia result in?

Answer 48

* Mesiodens * Fourth molar * Premolars * Maxillary lateral incisors

Question 49

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Possible morphologies of teeth formed due to hyperdontia

Answer 49

* Normal morphology * Rudimentary * Reduced

Question 50

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Positions hyperdontia teeth take

Answer 50

* Impacted * Erupted

Question 51

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth True or False: Hyperdontia can cause malposition of adjacent teeth.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Fill in the blank: Hyperdontia can prevent the _______ of adjacent teeth.

Answer 52

[eruption]

Question 53

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Most common supernumerary tooth

Answer 53

MEDIODENS

Question 54

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Shape of Mesiodens?

Answer 54

Conical

Question 55

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Where Mesiodens situated

Answer 55

Between maxillary central incisors

Question 56

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Possible positions of Mesiodens

Answer 56

Erupted, impacted, or inverted

Question 57

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth What type of feature is MEDIODENS considered?

Answer 57

Atavistic feature

Question 58

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Second most common supernumerary tooth

Answer 58

FOURTH MOLAR

Question 59

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Where FOURTH MOLAR situated

Answer 59

Distal to 3rd molar

Question 60

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Typical size of a FOURTH MOLAR

Answer 60

Small rudimentary tooth, but may be of normal size

Question 61

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Effects of supernumerary teeth. List them.

Answer 61

* Failure of eruption * Displacement * Crowding * No effect

Question 62

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Treatment of supernumerary teeth

Answer 62

* Extraction * or left in situ under radiographic observation

Question 63

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Eiology of persistent teeth

Answer 63

Tooth bud not properly positioned ## Footnote Proper positioning of the tooth bud is crucial for normal eruption.

Question 64

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Differential diagnosis for retained teeth

Answer 64

* HYPODONTIA * IMPACTED TOOTH ## Footnote These conditions can mimic or complicate the diagnosis of retained teeth.

Question 65

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Disturbances caused by retained teeth

Answer 65

* Disturbances in the eruption of the permanent teeth * Occlusal interferences * Disturbances in the aesthetics ## Footnote These issues can affect both function and appearance.

Question 66

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Key aspect of prophylaxis for retained teeth

Answer 66

Observe primary teeth eruption sequence ## Footnote Monitoring the eruption can help in early detection of issues.

Question 67

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth How often should X-ray data analysis be conducted for retained teeth?

Answer 67

Every 6 months to 1 year ## Footnote Regular imaging helps in monitoring the status of retained teeth.

Question 68

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Most commonly missing in cases of hypodontia

Answer 68

* Third molars * Second premolars * Upper lateral incisors

Question 69

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Etiological factors of hypodontia

Answer 69

* Phylogenetic reduction * Endocrine disorders * Family tendency * Association with syndromes (ectodermal dysplasia)

Question 70

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth Treatment options for hypodontia

Answer 70

* Closure of the space (and camouflage the adjacent teeth). * Opening of space and placement of a fixed or removable prosthesis.

Question 71

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth How can the treatment of hypodontia be facilitated?

Answer 71

By **early extraction** of any deciduous teeth to allow forward movement of the first permanent molars in that quadrant(s).

Question 72

# Developmental disturbances of the teeth What is required for the closure of space in hypodontia treatment?

Answer 72

Fixed appliances.