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Classification of Malloclusion Flashcards

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1
Q

Classification of malocclusion

What is malocclusion?

A

Misalignment and/or incorrect relation between teeth of the two dental arches

The term was coined by Edward Angle, the ‘father of modern orthodontics.’

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2
Q

Classification of malocclusion

Father of modern orthodontics

A

Edward Angle

He coined the term malocclusion.

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3
Q

Classification of malocclusion

Basis for Angle’s classification system

A

Mesio-distal relation of the teeth, dental arches, and the jaws

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4
Q

Classification of malocclusion

Key teeth to occlusion in Angle’s classification

A

Maxillary first permanent molars

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5
Q

Classification of malocclusion

Fixed anatomical points within the jaws according to Angle

A

Maxillary first permanent molars

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6
Q

Classification of malocclusion

How many main classes of malocclusion did Angle classify?

A

Three

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7
Q

Classification of malocclusion

What Roman numerals designate the classes of malocclusion in Angle’s system?

A

I, II, and III

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8
Q

Classification of malocclusion

Angle’s class I malocclusion characterized by

A

Presence of normal inter-arch molar relation

This means the upper and lower molars are in proper alignment.

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9
Q

Classification of malocclusion

In Angle’s class I malocclusion, where does mesio-bucal cusp of maxillary first permanent molar occlude?

A

Bucal groove of mandibular first permanent molar

This occlusion is a key feature of class I malocclusion.

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10
Q

Classification of malocclusion

Dental irregularities patients with Angle’s class I malocclusion may exhibit

A
  • Crowding
  • Spacing
  • Rotation
  • Missing tooth

These irregularities can occur despite the normal molar relationship.

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11
Q

Classification of malocclusion

What type of skeletal relation do patients with Angle’s class I malocclusion typically exhibit?

A

Normal skeletal relation

This indicates that the overall jaw position is typical.

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12
Q

Classification of malocclusion

Muscle function status in patients with Angle’s class I malocclusion

A

Normal muscle function

This suggests that the muscles involved in mastication are functioning correctly.

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13
Q

Classification of malocclusion

What is another malocclusion categorized under Class I?

A

Bimaxillary protrusion

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14
Q

Classification of malocclusion

In bimaxillary protrusion, how is the molar relationship classified?

A

Normal Class I molar relationship

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15
Q

Classification of malocclusion

How upper and lower arches positioned in bimaxillary protrusion

A

Forwardly placed in relation to facial profile

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16
Q

Classification of malocclusion

What is characterized by class II molar relation?

A

*Disto-buccal cusp of upper first permanent molar occludes w/buccal groove of lower first permanent molar.

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17
Q

Classification of malocclusion

In Angle class II, how is the mandibular arch positioned relative to the maxillary arch?

A

Distal or posterior

This means that the mandibular arch is positioned behind the maxillary arch.

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18
Q

Classification of malocclusion

Divisions in Angle class II

A

2 divisions

These are referred to as division 1 and division 2.

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19
Q

Classification of malocclusion

Fill in the blank: Angle class II is characterized by class II molar relation where the disto-buccalcusp of upper first permanent molar occludes in the _______.

A

bucal groove of lower first permanent molar

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20
Q

Classification of malocclusion

True or False: In Angle class II, the mandibular arch is anterior to the maxillary arch.

A

False

The mandibular arch is actually positioned distal or posterior to the maxillary arch.

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21
Q

Classification of malocclusion

What characterizes Class II division 1?

A
  • Biproclined upper incisors
  • Increased overjet
  • Deep incisor overbite

This class features specific dental alignments and bite relationships.

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22
Q

Classification of malocclusion

What abnormal activities occur during swallowing in Class II division 1?

A
  • Abnormal mentalis muscle activity
  • Abnormal buccinators activity
  • Compensatory tongue function

These activities can exacerbate dental misalignments.

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23
Q

Classification of malocclusion

Significance of spacing of maxillary incisors

A

Influences bite relationship and esthetics

Spacing can affect how teeth align and function.

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24
Q

Classification of malocclusion

Narrowing of the maxillary arch leads to

A

Results in a V-shaped upper arch

This can affect bite and esthetics.

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25
#Classification of malocclusion Result of unrestrained buccinator activity
Narrowing of upper arch in premolar and canine regions ## Footnote This can contribute to dental misalignment.
26
#Classification of malocclusion Relationship of mandibular molars in Class II division 1
Distal relationship may be unilateral or bilateral ## Footnote This indicates how the lower molars relate to the upper molars.
27
#Classification of malocclusion What characteristics describe the upper lip in Class II division 1?
Hypotonic, short, fails to lip seal ## Footnote These features can affect dental function and appearance.
28
#Classification of malocclusion 'zip trap'
The lower lip cushions the palatal aspect of upper teeth ## Footnote This term describes a specific lip positioning effect.
29
#Classification of malocclusion Characteristic feature of Angle Class II, division 2
* Presence of retroclined upper central incisors * Proclined upper lateral incisors overlapping central incisors ## Footnote This class is associated with a deeper anterior overbite.
30
#Classification of malocclusion What shape of appearance does the arch have in Class II, division 2?
Squarish appearance ## Footnote This is a distinctive feature observed in this classification.
31
#Classification of malocclusion Nature of the overbite in Class II, division 2
Excessive (closed bite) ## Footnote This indicates a deeper overbite compared to normal occlusion.
32
#Classification of malocclusion Happens to the curve of Spee in Class II, division 2
Exaggerated growth ## Footnote This growth can affect the occlusion and alignment of teeth.
33
#Classification of malocclusion What trauma can occur in Class II, division 2?
Trauma to the mandibular labial gingival tissue ## Footnote This is often due to the excessively inclined upper central incisors.
34
#Classification of malocclusion Status of perioral muscle activity in patients with Class II, division 2
Normal perioral muscle activity ## Footnote This suggests that muscle function is not impaired despite the dental issues.
35
#Classification of malocclusion Abnormality present in path of closure in Class II, division 2
Abnormal backward path of closure ## Footnote This can occur due to excessive inclination of centrals and infraocclusion of posterior teeth.
36
#Classification of malocclusion What cephalometric studies show regarding maxillary central incisors in Class II, division 2
Apex of maxillary central incisors labially malpositioned ## Footnote This indicates a misalignment that can affect occlusion.
37
#Classification of malocclusion Class II subdivision
Class II molar relation exists on one side and Class I molar relation on the other side ## Footnote This classification indicates a mixed relation of molars.
38
#Classification of malocclusion What is Angle class III?
*Mesio-buccal cusp of maxillary 1st permanent molar occluding in interdental space between mandibular 1st and 2nd molars. ## Footnote Angle class III is a classification used in orthodontics to describe the relationship of the molars in the dental arch.
39
#Classification of malocclusion Three types of Angle class III
* True class III * Pseudo class III * Class III subdivision ## Footnote These classifications help in diagnosing and planning treatment for patients with class III malocclusion.
40
#Classification of malocclusion Causes of True class III malocclusion
* Large mandible * Forwardly placed mandible * Smaller than normal maxilla * Retropositioned maxilla ## Footnote These factors lead to the characteristic skeletal relationships in this malocclusion.
41
#Classification of malocclusion Inclination of lower incisors in True class III malocclusion
Tend to be lingually inclined ## Footnote This inclination affects the positioning of the tongue and the upper arch.
42
#Classification of malocclusion Typical position of the tongue in True class III malocclusion
Occupies a lower position ## Footnote This results in a narrow upper arch due to the increased space available for the tongue.
43
#Classification of malocclusion Pseudo class III malocclusion
Produced by forward movement of mandible during jaw closure ## Footnote It is also referred to as postural or habitual class III.
44
#Classification of malocclusion Causes Pseudo class III malocclusion related to lost teeth
Premature loss of deciduous posterior teeth ## Footnote This loss can lead to compensatory forward movement of the mandible.
45
#Classification of malocclusion How enlarged adenoids affect jaw position
Tends to move the mandible forward ## Footnote Pseudo class III
46
#Classification of malocclusion What characterizes Class III subdivision?
* Class III molar relation on one side * Class I relation on other side ## Footnote This condition indicates asymmetrical occlusion.
47
#Classification of malocclusion Drawback of Angle's classification regarding the planes of malocclusion
Angle considered malocclusion only in the antero-posterior plane ## Footnote He did not consider malocclusions in the transverse and vertical planes.
48
#Classification of malocclusion Limitation of Angle's classification if first permanent molars missing
It cannot be applied ## Footnote The classification relies on the presence of the first permanent molars.
49
#Classification of malocclusion Can Angle's classification be applied to the deciduous dentition?
No ## Footnote The classification is not applicable to primary teeth.
50
#Classification of malocclusion Does Angle's classification highlight the etiology of malocclusion?
No ## Footnote Understanding the cause of malocclusion is crucial for treatment.
51
#Classification of malocclusion General causative factors of malocclusion
1. Heredity 2. Congenital 3. Environment 4. Dietary problems 5. Abnormal pressure habits 6. Trauma and accidents ## Footnote Each factor contributes to the development of malocclusion in different ways.
52
#Classification of malocclusion Two types of environmental factors affecting malocclusion
Prenatal and Postnatal ## Footnote Prenatal factors include trauma, maternal diet, and infections; postnatal factors include birth injury and conditions like cerebral palsy.
53
#Classification of malocclusion Name three prenatal environmental factors that can contribute to malocclusion.
* Trauma * Maternal diet * German measles ## Footnote These factors can affect fetal development and ultimately dental alignment.
54
#Classification of malocclusion Examples of postnatal environmental factors that can lead to malocclusion
* Birth injury * Cerebral palsy * TMJ injury ## Footnote These conditions can disrupt normal jaw and dental development after birth.
55
#Classification of malocclusion What dietary problem can contribute to malocclusion?
Nutritional deficiency ## Footnote Inadequate nutrition can affect the development of teeth and jaws.
56
#Classification of malocclusion Abnormal pressure habits that may influence malocclusion
Abnormal sucking habits ## Footnote These habits can lead to misalignment of teeth and jaws if they persist beyond typical developmental stages.
57
#Classification of malocclusion Local factors causing malocclusion
1. Anomalies of number: - Supernumerary teeth - Missing teeth (congenital absence or loss due accidents , caries, etc.) 2. Anomalies of tooth size 3. Anomalies of tooth shape 4. Abnormal labial frenum: mucosal barriers 5. Premature loss 6. Prolonged retention 7. Delayed eruption of permanent teeth 8. Abnormal eruptive path 9. Ankylosis 10. Dental caries
58
#Classification of malocclusion Impact of hereditary factors on the shedding of deciduous teeth
Affect shedding of deciduous teeth and sequence of eruption ## Footnote This includes the timing and order in which baby teeth fall out and adult teeth come in.
59
#Classification of malocclusion What characteristics of dentition are inherited?
* Size and shape of the teeth * Number of teeth * Primary position of tooth germ and path of eruption * Mineralisation of teeth * Skeletal structures * Soft tissues * Clefts ## Footnote These characteristics can have a significant hereditary component.
60
#Classification of malocclusion Types of teeth anomalies that can be inherited
Conditions such as anodontia, oligodontia, and hypodontia ## Footnote These conditions relate to the presence of either more or fewer teeth than normal.
61
#Classification of malocclusion Significance of tooth size and shape as hereditary factors
Studies on twins=> * Relative shape of teeth, such as peg shaped teeth, are inherited ## Footnote Lateral teeth are the most commonly noted abnormally shaped teeth clinically.
62
#Classification of malocclusion Which skeletal pattern is partially inherited
Class III skeletal pattern ## Footnote This skeletal structure can have an inherited component.
63
#Classification of malocclusion What aspects of soft tissues can be inherited?
Size and shape of the frenulum, especially the maxillary labial frenum ## Footnote These characteristics can vary and may be passed down genetically.
64
#Classification of malocclusion True or False: Clefts are a hereditary factor.
True ## Footnote Clefts can have an inherited component in their occurrence.
65
#Classification of malocclusion What are congenital factors causing malocclusion?
*Malformations seen at birth=> * Micrognathism, oligodontia, and anodontia ## Footnote
66
#Classification of malocclusion Effect of hypothyroidism on calcium deposition in bones and teeth
Slower rate of calcium deposition in bones and teeth ## Footnote This leads to various dental issues including delayed eruption and irregularities.
67
#Classification of malocclusion Consequence of hypothyroidism on tooth bud formation
Delay in tooth bud formation and eruption of teeth ## Footnote This can result in over-retained deciduous teeth and slow eruption of permanent teeth.
68
#Classification of malocclusion Dental irregularities associated with hypothyroidism
Irregularities in tooth arrangement and tooth crowding ## Footnote These issues arise due to delayed development and eruption of teeth.
69
#Classification of malocclusion What characterizes hyperthyroidism in relation to tooth eruption?
*Premature eruption of deciduous teeth *Disturbed root resorption *Early eruption of permanent teeth ## Footnote Hyperthyroidism increases metabolic rate and maturation speed.
70
#Classification of malocclusion Effect of hyperparathyroidism on tooth eruption
Delay in eruption of deciduous and permanent teeth ## Footnote It can also lead to hypoplastic teeth.
71
#Classification of malocclusion Blood calcium levels in hyperparathyroidism
Increase in blood calcium ## Footnote High calcium levels can lead to demineralization of bone.
72
#Classification of malocclusion Structural changes in bones due to hyperparathyroidism
Demineralization of bone and disruption of trabecular pattern ## Footnote These changes can affect tooth stability and health.
73
#Classification of malocclusion How hyperparathyroidism affects growing children's tooth development
Interruption of tooth development ## Footnote This can lead to severe dental issues as teeth may become mobile.
74
#Classification of malocclusion What can cause teeth to become mobile in hyperparathyroidism?
Loss of cortical bone and resorption of the alveolar process ## Footnote This loss of support can compromise tooth stability.
75
#Classification of malocclusion What can nutritional deficiencies during growth result in?
Abnormal development causing malocclusion ## Footnote Nutritional deficiencies can affect the proper growth and alignment of teeth and jaws.
76
#Classification of malocclusion Name three nutrition-related disturbances that can produce severe malocclusion.
* Rickets * Scurvy * Beriberi ## Footnote These conditions are associated with specific nutritional deficiencies.
77
#Classification of malocclusion True or False: Malocclusion can be caused by nutritional deficiencies.
True ## Footnote Nutritional deficiencies during growth can lead to abnormal development.
78
#Classification of malocclusion Poor postural habits associated with
Malocclusion ## Footnote Malocclusion refers to the misalignment of teeth and the way the upper and lower jaws fit together.
79
#Classification of malocclusion Consequence of children resting their chin on their hand
Mandibular deficiency ## Footnote Mandibular deficiency refers to an underdeveloped lower jaw, which can affect facial structure and dental alignment.
80
#Classification of malocclusion Two types of anomalies in the number of teeth
* Supernumerary teeth * Less or missing teeth
81
#Classification of malocclusion True or False: The size of teeth can contribute to malocclusion.
True
82
#Classification of malocclusion Supernumerary teeth
* Additional teeth=> *Can vary in size, shape, and location.
83
#Classification of malocclusion What do supplemental teeth resemble?
*Closely resemble a particular group of teeth=> * Such as incisors, premolars, or molars.
84
#Classification of malocclusion Where supplemental teeth commonly seen
*Premolar or the lateral incisor region.
85
#Classification of malocclusion Most commonly seen supernumerary tooth
'Mesiodens.'
86
#Classification of malocclusion Effects of supernumerary teeth on adjacent teeth
* Non-eruption of adjacent teeth * Delay eruption of adjacent teeth * Deflect erupting adjacent teeth into abnormal locations * Increase arch perimeter * Crowding in dental arch
87
#Classification of malocclusion True or False: Supernumerary teeth can cause crowding in the dental arch.
True
88
#Classification of malocclusion Fill in the blank: Supernumerary teeth can _______ the eruption of adjacent teeth.
[delay]
89
#Classification of malocclusion Fill in the blank: The most commonly seen supernumerary tooth is called _______.
[mesiodens]
90
#Classification of malocclusion Which teeth are most commonly congenitally missing?
* Third molars * Maxillary lateral incisors ## Footnote These teeth have a greater predilection to be congenitally absent compared to others.
91
#Classification of malocclusion Consequences of congenitally missing teeth
* Gaps between teeth * Aberrant swallowing patterns * Abnormal tilting These consequences can affect dental function and aesthetics.
92
#Classification of malocclusion Fill in the blank: Congenitally missing teeth can lead to _______.
[gaps between teeth, aberrant swallowing patterns, abnormal tilting] ## Footnote Each of these issues can arise from the absence of teeth.
93
#Classification of malocclusion True or False: Supernumerary teeth are more commonly seen than congenitally missing teeth.
False ## Footnote Congenitally missing teeth are observed more frequently than supernumerary teeth.
94
#Classification of malocclusion Difference between hypodontia and oligodontia
Hypodontia refers to the absence of 1-5 teeth, while oligodontia refers to the absence of 6 or more teeth. ## Footnote These terms indicate the severity of congenital tooth absence.
95
#Classification of malocclusion True generalized form of microdontia usually associated with
Pituitary dwarfism
96
#Classification of malocclusion True generalized macrodontia is seen in cases of
Pituitary giantism
97
#Classification of malocclusion Most common tooth with localized microdontia
Maxillary lateral incisors
98
#Classification of malocclusion True or False: The generalized form of microdontia is commonly seen.
False
99
#Classification of malocclusion Fill in the blank: Common tooth associated with localized microdontia is the _______.
Maxillary lateral incisor

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