Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Orthodontics > Biometric Examinations > Flashcards

Biometric Examinations Flashcards

(37 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What cephalometric analysis is, and who commonly uses it as a tool

A
  • Examination of dental and skeletal relationships in human skull=>
  • Treatment planning for dentists, orthodontists, and oral maxillofacial surgeons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Specific information cephalometric analysis provides

A
  • Discrepancies in relationships between maxilla and mandible=>
  • Includes their displacement concerning cranial base and tooth malpositions
  • Aids in treatment planning=>
  • Facilitates growth prediction of facial skeleton
  • Enables evaluation of treatment progress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Goals of cephalometry, and facial components it evaluates

A
  • Evaluating relationships( horizontally and vertically) of five major components of face
  • Cranium and cranial base
  • Skeletal maxilla
  • Skeletal mandible
  • Maxillary dentition and alveolar process
  • Mandibular dentition and alveolar process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Two basic approaches to cephalometric analysis

A
  • Metric approach and graphic approach
  • The metric approach=>use of selected linear and angular measures
  • Presented in tabular form
  • Graphic approach=>overlaying individual’s tracing on reference template for visual inspection of degree variations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Equipment and materials required for accurately tracing a head film in cephalometric analysis

A
  • x-ray illuminator
  • Tracing paper
  • Special diagnostic ruler-protractor
  • Standard ruler and protractor
  • Pencil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

General considerations for cephalometric tracing

A
  • Outlining soft tissue profile
  • Tracing inferior border of mandibular body w/ anterior border of symphysis
  • Maxilla
  • External auditory meatus
  • Sella turcica
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How the external auditory meatus is traced in cephalometry

A
  • Located at level of condylar process
  • Faint, semilunar-shaped shadow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Recommendation given regarding tracing the maxillary and mandibular incisors

A
  • Trace more anteriorly positioned incisor if outlines of incisors do not coincide
  • Tracing pulp canal advised => ascertain inclination of tooth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

key cephalometric landmarks

A
  • S (sella)
  • N (nasion)
  • Or (orbital)
  • Po (porion)
  • ANS (anterior nasal spine)
  • PNS (posterior nasal spine)
  • Point A
  • Point B
  • Pog (pogonion)
  • Me (menton)
  • Gn (gnathion)
  • Go (gonion)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

S (sella)

A

Geometric centre of sella turcica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

N (nasion)

A

Most anterior and superior point of frontonasal suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Or (orbital)

A

Lowest point on the inferior rim of orbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Po (porion)

A

Most superiorly positioned point of external auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ANS

A

Tip of the anterior nasal spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PNS

A
  • Posterior spine of palatine bone
  • Constructed w/ perpendicular from pterygomaxillary fissure to hard palate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Point A

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Most posterior point on concavity between Pog and alveolar bone=>
  • Overlaying maxillary incisor
17
Q

Point B

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Most posterior point of concavity between Pog and alveolar bone=>
  • Overlaying mandibular incisors
18
Q

Pog (pogonion)

Study These Flashcards
A

Most anterior point of mandibular symphysis

19
Q

Me (menton)

Study These Flashcards
A

Lowest point of mandibular symphysis

20
Q

Gn (gnathion)

Study These Flashcards
A

Midpoint between Pog and Me

21
Q

Go (gonion)

Study These Flashcards
A

Most posterior and inferior midpoint of curvature of mandibular angle

22
Q

Significance of reference planes and lines in cephalometric tracing

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Essential guides in cephalometric tracing
  • Aid accurate assessment of craniofacial structures
23
Q

Reference planes planes commonly utilized

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Horizontal-SN, FN, SpP, OcP, MP
  • Vertical
24
Q

SN

Study These Flashcards
A

Cranial base constructed between point S and point N

25
FH
* **Frankfurt horizontal (orbital plane)** * Constructed between point **Or and point Po**
26
SpP
**Spinal plane** constructed between point **ANS and point PNS**
27
OcP
Occlusal plane
28
MP
* **Mandibular plane** * Constructed between point **Me** and most **inferior point of mandibular angle**
29
Vertical planes
* Points N and A connected in line * Points N and B connected in line * Y-axis constructed between point S and point Gn
30
Cephalometric parameters
* Parameters of sagittal plane * Parameters of vertical plane
31
Cephalometric parameters of the sagittal plane
* **Position of maxilla and mandible in relation to cranial base**=> * **
32
Interpretation of
* **anterior displacement of maxilla and mandible in relation to cranial base** * Decreased values=>opposite * Angle readings influenced by anteroposterior location of point N
33
Interpretation of
* **Antero-posterior position of maxilla and mandible relative to each other** * **** * Skeletal class I - angle reading from 0° to 4° * Skeletal class II - angle reading greater than 4° * Skeletal class III - angle reading less than 0°
34
Interpretation of Wits appraisal
* **Linear parameter for antero-posterior position of maxilla and mandible relative to each other** => * **Determines skeletal class** * *Distance (in mm) between projection of point A and point B through a perpendicular on occlusal plane* * **Interpretation: related to inclination of occlusal plane**=> * skeletal class I is -2 to + * Skeletal class II values greater than +2 * Skeletal class III values below -2
35
Interpretation of axial inclination of the incisors in relation to the maxilla and mandible
* **Maxillary incisor axis to SN angle** = 102-105° * **Maxillary incisor axis to FH angle** = 106-109° * **Maxillary incisor axis to SpP angle** = 110° +- 5° * **Mandibular incisor axis to MP angle** = 90° +- 5° * Increased values=**proclination of incisors** * Decreased values=**retroclination of incisors**
36
Interpretation of axial inclination of the molars in relation to the maxilla and mandible
* **a-angle** - maxillary first molar axis to OcP = 90° * **b-angle** - maxillary first molar axis to OcP = 100° ? * Increased values=>mesial inclination of the molars * Decreased values=>distal inclination of molars
37
Interpretation of parameters of the vertical plane
* SN/MP angle = 32° * FH/MP angle = 23-28° * SpP/MP angle = 25° * SN/SpP angle = 7° * Y-axis/SN angle = 66° * Increased values = **increased vertical growth** (hyperdivergent growth pattern) or skeletal open bite * Decreased values = **decreased vertical growth** (hypodivergent growth pattern) or skeletal deep bite

Orthodontics (106 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions