11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Development Of Malocclusion Flashcards
(45 cards)
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Oral habits in children and their significance in dental occlusion
- Frequent practices or acquired tendencies
- Normal in infancy and early childhood
- If persisting beyond the age of 3-4 may cause harmful effects
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Classification of oral habits based on
- Intensity (amount of force applied),
- Duration (time spent performing habit)
- Frequency (number of times habit performed)
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
William James’ classification of oral habits
- Useful habits=>essential for normal function like nasal breathing
- Harmful habits=>deleterious effects on teeth and their supporting structures, such as thumb sucking
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Morris and Bohana’s classification of oral habits
- Pressure habits=>apply force on teeth and supporting structures (e.g., lip sucking)
- Non-pressure habits=>do not apply force (e.g., mouth breathing)
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Finn’s classification of oral habits
- Compulsive habits=>deeply rooted and difficult to correct
- Non-compulsive habits=>easily learned and dropped as child matures
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Examples of common oral habits
- Mouth breathing
- Thumb sucking
- Tongue thrusting
- Nail biting
- Bruxism (teeth grinding)
- Lip biting
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Thumb sucking
- Placement of thumb or fingers in mouth
- Observed in children from very young age
- Categorized into different levels based on age and frequency of habit
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Freud’s theory regarding the etiology of thumb sucking
- Stems from oral phase of psychological development in children
- Preventing thumb sucking=> Emotional insecurity=>
- Adoption of other habits
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Oral drive theory of Sears and Wise in relation to thumb sucking
- Prolonged suckling, rather than psychological factors, can lead to thumb sucking
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Benjamin’s theory regarding the root cause of thumb sucking
- Arises from rooting reflex=>natural instinct of infants to turn their head and mouth towards objects touching their cheeks
- This reflex disappears around 7-8 months of age
- May lead infants to suck on their thumbs or fingers
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
How factors like parents’ occupation and social adjustment influence thumb sucking habits
- Children of working mothers may use thumb sucking as a way to seek security
- Social pressures or stress from peers or parents can also contribute to the development of this habit
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Diagnostic steps involved in assessing thumb sucking habits
- Anamnesis=>
- Frequency, duration, intensity of thumb sucking
- Assessment of psychological components, feeding patterns, and parental care
- Evaluation for presence of other habits conducted
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Characteristics of the digits (fingers or thumb) involved in thumb sucking
- May appear exceptionally clean, reddened, and chapped
- May present w/ fungal infections due to prolonged moisture and contact w/ mouth
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
How the position of the lips at rest and during swallowing provides diagnostic information about thumb sucking habits
- Wjether Lips held apart or together=>
- Influenced by thumb sucking habits
- Excessive mentalis contraction or facial grimace during swallowing may also be observed
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Facial profile characteristics that might be observed in individuals with a history of thumb sucking
- Mandibular retrusion and maxillary protrusion
- Their facial profile can be either convex or flat=>depending on severity of malocclusion caused by thumb sucking
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Intraoral examination findings associated with thumb sucking habits
- Flared and proclined upper anterior teeth w/ diastema
- Retroclined lower anterior teeth
- Anterior open bite
- Buccal crossbite may also occur due to constriction of maxillary arch
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
How thumb sucking contributes to the development of an anterior open bite
- Interferes w/ normal eruption of incisors by placing pressure on palate
- Can lead to excessive eruption of posterior teeth and separation of jaws=>
- Resulting in anterior open bite
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Preventive measures that can be taken to address thumb sucking habits
- Engaging child in various activities to keep hands busy
- Considering duration of breast-feeding
- Ensuring mother’s presence and attention during bottle feeding
- Pacifiers as alternatives to thumb sucking
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
How psychological therapy contributes to the treatment of thumb sucking habits
- Involves screening patients for underlying psychological causes
- Children between 4 and 8 years old may benefit from=>
- Reassurance
- Positive reinforcement
- Awareness about long-term consequences of thumb sucking
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Role of a reward system in addressing thumb sucking habits
- Can encourage children to refrain from thumb sucking
- Reinforcement of positive behavior
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
How the chemical approach helps in treating thumb sucking habits
- Involves applying bitter, hot-tasting, or distasteful agents to finger or nails=>
- Unpleasant taste experience=> Discouraging thumb sucking behaviour
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Mechanical approaches used to prevent thumb sucking
- Physically prevent child from sucking their thumb
- Applying bandage around elbow or finger to prevent introduction into oral cavity
- Thumb guards, mittens, gloves
- Thermoplastic thumbs
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Blue grass appliance use for in treating thumb sucking habits
- Six-sided roller made of Teflon attached to molar bands
- Patients instructed to turn roller instead of sucking thumb
- Used for 3 to 6 months in children aged 7 to 12 years
11. Oral Habits In Children As Factors Influencing Malocclusion
Oral screen plate type I by Dekova
- Eliminates two oral habits simultaneously=>
- Mouth breathing and digit sucking
- Incorporates Kraus oral screen in maxillary plate w/ elastic wire and retention clasps
