24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis of malocclusion in preschoolers Flashcards
(17 cards)
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
Primary prophylaxis and when it is performed
- Performed when malocclusion has not yet developed
- Targets environmental factors that can lead to malocclusions
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
Environmental factors targeted in primary prophylaxis to prevent malocclusion
- Oral hygiene
- Oral gymnastics
- Diet
- Regular dental check-ups
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
How secondary prophylaxis usually carried out
Performed using orthodontic appliances
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
Why education important during pregnancy in preventing malocclusions
- Inform patient about environmental factors=>
- Prevent injury of unborn child=>
- Preventing malocclusions
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
Main targets of prophylaxis in preschoolers to prevent malocclusion
- Managing oral habits
- Preventing caries
- Maintaining space in the dental arch
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
How sucking habits affect dental development in preschoolers
- Maxillary incisors tip facially
- Mandibular incisors tip lingually=>
- Impede eruption of some incisors
- If habit stops before eruption of permanent incisors=>
- Most changes resolve spontaneously
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
Interventions used for sucking habits
- Discussions w/ child/carer
- Placing plaster on thumb during sleep
- Habit breakers (removable or fixed)
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
Tongue thrusting and its potential dental effects
- Tongue makes contact w/ teeth anterior to molars during swallowing=>
- Open bite and anterior proclination
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
How tongue thrusting managed
- Habit breakers
- Training for correct swallowing techniques
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
Types of mouth breathing and their impacts
- Obstructive=>
- Nasal polyps
- Tumors
- Inflammations
- Deviated septum
- Habitual=>
- Persistence of habit after obstruction removal
- Affects orofacial equilibrium=>
- Due to lower mandible and tongue posture
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
How mouth breathing treated
- Identifying and removing cause=>
- If persists=>vestibular screen may be used
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
Why primary teeth important for maintaining space in the dental arch
- Natural space maintainers=>
- Preventing early loss is crucial=> caries in proximal surfaces=>
- Loss of arch length and cause discrepancies when larger permanent teeth erupt
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
Methods used to prevent caries in preschoolers
- Fissure sealants
- Treating caries promptly to prevent early loss of primary teeth
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
Why space maintenance important after premature loss of deciduous teeth
- Can cause drifting of adjacent teeth=>
- Abnormal axial inclination
- Spacing
- Shifts in the midline
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
Requirements of space maintainers
- Maintain mesio-distal space created by lost teeth
- Restore function as far as possible
- Prevent over-eruption of opposing teeth
- Be strong enough to withstand functional forces
- Permit maintenance of oral hygiene
- Not restrict normal growth and natural adjustments during the transition from deciduous to permanent dentition
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
Types of space maintainers according to Hitchcock’s classification
- Removable (e.g., acrylic partial dentures, total dentures)
- Fixed (e.g., bridges, crowns)
- Semi-fixed
- With or without bands
- Active or passive
- Combinations
24. Concepts of primary and secondary prophylaxis in preschoolers
Indications for using space maintainers
- Height of alveolar crest covering unerupted permanent tooth>1mm
- Root length of permanent tooth smaller than crown height (under ½ of the total root length)
- Mesiodistal width of space required for permanent tooth eruption decreased compared to opposite quadrant
- measured on a periapical radiograph
