CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Flashcards by Sam A

CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Primary prophylaxis and when it is performed

When malocclusion not yet developed
Targets environmental factors that lead to malocclusions

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Environmental factors targeted in primary prophylaxis to prevent malocclusion

Oral hygiene
Oral gymnastics
Diet
Regular dental check-ups

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Secondary prophylaxis

Performed when malocclusion is already present

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

How secondary prophylaxis usually carried out

Performed using orthodontic appliances

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Why education important during pregnancy in preventing malocclusions

Inform patient about environmental factors=>
Prevent injury of unborn child=>
Preventing malocclusions

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

When primordial prophylaxis performed

Before conception=>
Can still be effective if done during first trimester of pregnancy

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Immediate action taken right after birth to ensure newborn’s airways are open

Newborn’s mandible protruded to open pharynx=>
If not possible=>suspicion of Pierre-Robin triad=>
In severe cases requires placing newborn in an oxygen tent or intubation

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Why cleaning nose of a newborn important

Babies obligatory nose-breathers=>
Necessary for proper breathing

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

What is checked during a neonatological check-up, and actions taken

Presence of tongue tie checked
If necessary, frenulum linguae cut without anesthesia=>lack of innervation
Presence of natal teeth checked

Parents reassured about the child’s ability to survive without external nutrition=> due to the baby’s brown fat providing provision and warmth.

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

How feeding approached in newborn

Baby placed close to breast=>
Breast-to-breast and upright position=>
To find it by smell=>
Kept warm, and breastfed for 15-20 minutes every 2-3 hours
Stimulation to suckle necessary if baby stops too early

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Guidelines for bottle-feeding if breastfeeding is not possible

Teat resembles abreast=>
Hole in teat placed towards palate
Bottle w/ anticholic system

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Dietary changes occuring during infancy

Solid foods introduced

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Recommended order for introducing new foods to an infant

First mashed vegetables and potatoes
Mashed meat=>
Mashed fruits, bread soaked in milk, and finally fruit juices

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Major dental development occurs in toddlers

Tooth eruption

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

First checkup time

3 months

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

When solid and semi solid food introduced

6 months

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Age at which infantile swallowing pattern and oral habits stopped

3 years

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

How secondary prophylaxis usually carried out

Performed using orthodontic appliances

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CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Why education important during pregnancy in preventing malocclusions

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Inform patient about environmental factors=>
Prevent injury of unborn child=>
Preventing malocclusions

CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Aims of prophylaxis in preschoolers

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Managing oral habits
Preventing caries
Maintaining space in the dental arch

CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

How sucking habits affect dental development in preschoolers

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Maxillary incisors tip facially
Mandibular incisors tip lingually=>
Impede eruption of some incisors
If habit stops before eruption of permanent incisors=>
Most changes resolve spontaneously

CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Interventions used for sucking habits

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Discussions w/ child/carer
Placing plaster on thumb during sleep
Habit breakers (removable or fixed)

CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

Tongue thrusting and its potential dental effects

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Tongue makes contact w/ teeth anterior to molars during swallowing=>
Open bite and anterior proclination

CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS

How tongue thrusting managed

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Habit breakers
Training for correct swallowing techniques

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Types of mouth breathing and their impacts

* **Obstructive**=> * *Nasal polyps* * *Tumors* * *Inflammations* * *Deviated septum* * **Habitual**=> * *Persistence of habit after obstruction removal* * Affects orofacial equilibrium=> * Due to lower mandible and tongue posture

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS How mouth breathing treated

* **Identifying and removing cause=>** * If persists=>**vestibular screen** may be used

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Why primary teeth important for maintaining space in the dental arch

* Natural space maintainers=> * Preventing early loss is crucial=> caries in proximal surfaces=> * Loss of arch length and cause discrepancies when larger permanent teeth erupt

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Methods used to prevent caries in preschoolers

* Fissure sealants * Treating caries promptly to prevent early loss of primary teeth

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Why space maintenance important after premature loss of deciduous teeth

* Can cause drifting of adjacent teeth=> * Abnormal axial inclination * Spacing * Shifts in the midline

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Requirements of space maintainers

* Maintain mesio-distal space created by lost teeth * Restore function as far as possible * Prevent over-eruption of opposing teeth * Be strong enough to withstand functional forces * Permit maintenance of oral hygiene * Not restrict normal growth and natural adjustments during the transition from deciduous to permanent dentition

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Types of space maintainers according to Hitchcock's classification

* **Removable** (e.g., acrylic partial dentures, total dentures) * **Fixed** (e.g., bridges, crowns) * **Semi-fixed** * **With or without bands** * **Active or passive** * Combinations

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Indications for using space maintainers

* **Height of alveolar crest covering unerupted permanent tooth>1mm** * **Root length of permanent tooth smaller than crown height** (under ½ of the total root length) * **Mesiodistal width of space required** for permanent tooth eruption decreased compared to opposite quadrant ## Footnote - measured on a periapical radiograph

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Stages of mixed dentition

* Early mixed dentition– (6-9) YEARS: * First stage – 6 - 7,5 YEARS * Second stage - 7,5 – 9 YEARS * Late mixed dention– (9-12) YEARS: * First stage– 9 - 10,5 YEARS * Second stage - 10,5 – 12YEARS(PUBERTY ONSET)

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Interarch temporary deviations of maxilla

* **Diastema** of upper incisors-self correction if w/in 1mm * **Distal inclination** of lateral incisors-self correction with permanent canine eruption

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Interarch temporary deviations of mandible

* **Incisors erupt lingually**-self correct if sufficient space * **Crowding** within 1-2mm-resolved with jaw growth

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Potential effect of a short and low attached frenulum on incisors

Diastema and rotation of incisors ## Footnote Diastema refers to a space between teeth, and rotation indicates misalignment.

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS May arise due to a short frenulum of the lower lip

* **Stretching** of labial and gingival tissues * Tissue **recession** from necks of teeth ## Footnote This can lead to periodontal problems.

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Effect of short sublingual frenulum on the tongue

* Change in position and function of tongue=> * Affecting swallowing and speech ## Footnote This can result in speech impediments.

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS What clinical test indicates a short frenulum?

* **lip tension**=> * Whitening of vestibular mucosa and papilla incisiva * when lip is stretched ## Footnote This test assesses the tension and mobility of the lip.

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Characteristic finding in X-ray examination for a short frenulum

* V-shaped mid-bone slit * Open seam ## Footnote This indicates anatomical changes associated with frenulum attachment.

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Limitation is associated with a short frenulum of the upper lip

* Fixation of upper lip to alveolar ridge * Limited movement of lips ## Footnote This can affect oral hygiene and aesthetics.

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Fill in the blank: A lack of space for the lateral incisors to erupt may be caused by a _______.

[short and low attached frenulum]

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS True or False: A short frenulum can lead to rotation of incisors.

True

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Appearance of frenulum line in cases of a short frenulum

Straight, not curved ## Footnote This can be observed during clinical examination.

# CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Frenulum Linguae

* short sublingual frenulum: * Inability to stick tongue out completely or touch palatal papilla * Speech, normal swallowing and sucking impaired

CONCEPTS OF MALOCCLUSION PROPHYLAXIS Flashcards

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