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Human Systems and Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the nervous system

A

communication, regulating internal events, organising behaviour (externally), information storage, sensations, perceptions and emotions.

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2
Q

what are the two types of cell found in the nervous system

A

neurons and glial cells

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3
Q

give a summary on glial cells

A

they are more numerous than neurons, and have a supportive/nutritive role, such as myelin formation.

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4
Q

which glial cells are responsible for myelin formation

A

schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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5
Q

what are the types of glial cells

A

astrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes
schwann cells

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6
Q

what are astrocytes involved in

A

nutrient supply to neurons in central nervous system. they have a supportive structure involved in their distribution of this food

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7
Q

what are microglia involved in

A

they have a defence role - they are phagocytic

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8
Q

what are ependymal cells involved in

A

production of cerebrospinal fluid. they have cilia because they work with fluids.

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9
Q

what are cilia associated with

A

fluids and movement of fluids

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10
Q

what are oligodendrocytes involved in

A

neuronal support and myelin formation. they can wrap around more than one neuron. this allows them to have a supporting function.

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11
Q

what are schwann cells involved in

A

neuronal support and myeling formation in the peripheral nervous system

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12
Q

give a summary on neurons

A

they are excitable cells involved in the generation and transmission of signals. they are also involved in synaptic processing like memory, and have various types like their structure being related to function

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13
Q

what are included in the peripheral nervous system

A

spinal and cranial nerves

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14
Q

what are included in the central nervous system

A

spinal cord and the brain

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15
Q

what arises from the central nervous system

A

the peripheral nervous system

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16
Q

what does afferent mean

A

this is when something is going onto the central nervous system

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17
Q

what does efferent mean

A

this is something leaving the central nervous system

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18
Q

what are the different forms of affarent and efferents

A

somatic and visceral

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19
Q

what is visceral

A

information from internal organs and blood vessels

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20
Q

what is somatic

A

this is information from muscles, bone and soft tissue

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21
Q

what are examples of motor responses to somatic efferents

A

exocrine gland secretion

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22
Q

what part of the nervous system are visceral efferents involved in

A

autonomic nervous system

23
Q

where are spinal nerves found

A

emerging along the length of the spinal cord

24
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

A

31

25
Q

how many spinal nerves are cervical nerves

A

8

26
Q

how many spinal nerves are thoracic nerves

A

12

27
Q

how many spinal nerves are lumbar nerves

A

5

28
Q

how many spinal nerves are sacral nerves

A

5

29
Q

how many spinal nerves are coccygeal nerves

A

1

30
Q

what do spinal nerves contain

A

many sensory and motor axons

31
Q

what do axons supply

A

structures in well defined parts of the body

32
Q

what are dermatomes

A

regions on the skin connected to a single spinal nerve. blocks of sensorial axons that are affarent onto the central nervous system spinal cord

33
Q

what are myotomes

A

blocks of muscle supplied by motor axons

34
Q

what are nerve plexuses

A

peripheral nerves that supply particular regions of the body. they can have nerves arising from different nerve areas, and this creates complexity when understanding the nervous system

35
Q

what do the axons in the spinal nerves from

A

various peripheral nerves

36
Q

what does the area with sensory nerves have a match with

A

the area with motor nerves

37
Q

what are the cranial nerves

A

these are 12 pairs of nerves that are connected to the brain, especially the brainstem. they provide sensory and motor nerve supply to the head and neck structures.

38
Q

where is the vagus nerve distributed to

A

this is the tenth cranial nerve and is distributed to the trunk rather than the head

39
Q

which cranial nerve is the most important in the face

A

the trigeminal nerve as it provides facial sensory function. it has three subdivisions and they have their own details

40
Q

what part of the tongue has the specialised function related to taste

A

the posterior of the tongue

41
Q

what does the tongue have innervation by

A

many cranial nerves

42
Q

what is the function of peripheral nerves

A

carrying information to the central nervous system

43
Q

what are the affarent signals in the somatic nerves associated with

A

sensations and perceptions - they take these signals to the central nervous system

44
Q

are we aware of the affarent signals from the internal organs

A

no

45
Q

what efferents control voluntary muscle

A

somatic efferents

46
Q

what efferents costitute the autonomic nervous system

A

the smooth and cardiac muscle, and some glands

47
Q

what are peripheral nerves

A

bundles of axons both myelinated and unmyelinated that are interconnected by the plexus

48
Q

are peripheral nerves singular nerves

A

no

49
Q

how can the basic neuronal form of peripheral nerves be changed

A

in order to perform different functions such as sensory and motor neurons

50
Q

where are A alpha nerve axons foind

A

they are myelinated and are found in some sensory neurons and motor neurons

51
Q

where are A beta nerve axons found

A

these are also myelinated and are found in sensory neurons

52
Q

are myelinated or unmyelinated nerve fibres faster

A

myelinated, they are thicker and bring about a very fast response

53
Q

where are C fibres found on nerve axons

A

sensory neurons and some autonomic nerves. most have sensorial response that doesnt need to be that fast. some are nto even worried about reaching the brain. they only reach the spinal cord through the reflex to bring a response. most are associated with autonomic nervous system in terms of controlling certain aspects like blood vessels

54
Q
A

Human Systems and Anatomy (54 decks)

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