the thorax Flashcards
what is included in the thorax
sternum
costal cartilages
ribs
thoracic vertebrae
structures enclosed
how can the shape of the thorax be described
irregular
what are the two apertures of the thorax
the superior and inferior thoracic apertures.
what is the superior thoracic aperture
the opening at the root of the neck that is continuous with the neck
what is the inferior thoracic aperture
the opening which is closed by the diaphragm
what are the three compartments of the thorax
right and left pleural cavities and the mediastinum
what is found in the pleural cavities
the lungs
what is at the top of the thorax
- first thoracic vertebrae
- first rib
- manubrium of the sternum
what is the jugular notch
the area where the trachea can be felt, and can make deviation clear, indicating any pathologies in the lungs like collapse or fluid
what are the pectoral girdle
bones which connect to the arm on each side
what is included in the pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula
what is the clavicle
collar bone
what is the scapula
shoulder blade
what does the sternal angle show
where the second rib is
what is the sternal angle useful for
counting ribs inferiorly and laterally for chest drain insertion
what is effusion
fluid in the pneumothorax
where is the costochondral joint
the joint between the costal cartilages and the ribs
how many true ribs are there
7
what are the true ribs
1-7, as their costal cartilage links directly with the sternum
what are the false ribs
8-10
how many false ribs are there
3
why are they called false ribs
their costal cartilages are attached to the cartilage of the higher rib
what are the floating ribs
the vertebral ribs, 11 and 12, that are short and not attached to the sternum at all. instead, their costal cartilage terminates within the musculature of the lateral abdominal wall
what is the intercostal space
the space between the ribs
what is the intervertebral discs
the discs between the vertebrae
what is the mediastinum
the central portion of the thoracic cavity, surrounded by the left and right pleural sacs
what can the mediastinum be divided into
superior, anterior, middle, posterior
what is found in the upper portion of the superior mediastinum
first thoracic vertebrae
what is found in the lower portion of the superior mediastinum
sternal angle, which is the landmark for the second rib
what are the regions of the inferior mediastinum
anterior
middle
posterior
what is found in the anterior mediastinum
the fat and thymus gland
what is found in the middle mediastinum
the heart
what is found in the posterior mediastinum
the aorta and the oesophagus
what is the common carotid artery responsible for
blood supply to the head and neck
what are the great vessels
- venae cavae
- pulmonary trunk and its branches
- pulmonary veins
- aorta
what do the superior and inferior venae cavae do
drain venous blood from the head and neck and above the level of the heart, and below the level of the heart. both enter the right atrium of the heart
where does the pulmonary trunk exit the heart
the right ventricle
what does the internal carotid artery do
supply 80% of brain blood supply
describe the blood supply of the brain
80% internal carotid
20% vertebral artery
what does the external carotid artery supply
face
tongue
head external to the brain
what are the first main branches of the aorta
the coronary arteries
where is the brachiocephalic trunk
right side of the body
what does the brachiocephalic trunk give rise to
the right subclavian and the common carotid arteries
which blood is found in the pulmonary arteries
deoxygenated blood
what do the right and left internal jugular veins drain
the head and neck, including the brain down to join the right and left subclavian veins