Defense & Barriers 2: Skin Lesions Flashcards
PRIMARY lesion definition & 2 examples
= lesions that develop as DIRECT result of a disease process
examples?
1. PAPULES or CRUST for pemphigus foliaceus
2. VESICLES for basement membrane disease
SECONDARY lesion definition
= lesions that EVOLVE from PRIMARY LESIONS OR SECONDARY to PRURITIS/TRAUMA
ELEVATED skin lesions & definitions (10)
**include 3 sub-categories for one of them, one of them don’t bother defining because it’s in another card
- PAPULE = SOLID, elevated skin lesion <1 cm diameter, “small, red bump”
- PUSTULE = circumscribed elevation of skin CONTAINING PUS usually <1 cm diameter, “PIMPLE-LIKE”
- can be INTRAepidermal, SUBepidermal or FOLLICULAR - PLAQUE = FLAT-TOPPED elevation of skin >1 cm diameter
- VESICLE = sharply circumscribed lesion filled with CLEAR FLUID <1 cm diameter
- BULLAE = sharply circumscribed lesion filled with CLEAR FLUID >1 cm diameter
- CRUST
- SCALE = ichthyosis, accumulations of loose fragments of stratum corneum
- WHEAL = sharply circumscribed raised lesion of EDEMA, “firm & turgid”
- ESCHAR = tightly adherent COAGULATIVE necrotic tissue that is generally the result of a caustic or thermal burn; remains during re-epithelialization
- NODULE = circumscribed elevation >1 cm that usually penetrates DEEP layers of skin
CRUST definition, what 4 things can be found in it, & why it’s important
= the CONTENTS of RUPTURED PUSTULES or EXUDATE
what’s found?
1. red blood cells
2. serum
3. necrotic/desiccated inflammatory cells
4. keratin
HIGH DIAGNOSTIC VALUE
NON-elevated skin lesions that are even with the plane of the skin (2)
clinically significant?
- MACULE = circumscribed lesions of COLOR CHANGE <1 cm diameter
- PATCH = circumscribed lesions of COLOR CHANGE >1 cm diameter
usually NOT clinically significant
lichenification definition, “colloquial term”, often found with what else?
= HYPERPLASTIC change to skin from CHRONIC FRICTION or INFLAMMATION; THICKENING or HARDENING of skin characterized by exaggeration of SUPERFICIAL SKIN MARKINGS
“elephant skin”
often found with ALOPECIA
NAMES ONLY of PRIMARY skin lesions (10)
- papule
- plaque
- pustule
- macule
- patch
- nodule
- cyst
- vesicle
- bullae
- wheal
DEPRESSIONS or lesions BELOW skin surface & definitions (3)
**include SCARRING for 2
- COMEDONE = blackhead; dilated hair follicle filled with CORNIFIED cells and SEBACEOUS material
- ULCER = break in continuity of epidermis with exposure of underlying dermis, penetrates basal laminar zone and HEAL WITH SCARRING because skin must re-epithelialize
- EROSION = shallow epidermal defect that does NOT penetrate basal laminar zone, so NO SCARRING
NAMES ONLY for PRIMARY OR SECONDARY LESIONS (6)
- scale
- crust
- follicular cast
- alopecia
- comedone
- pigmentary abnormalities
epidermal collarettes definition, appearance & disease example
= occurs SECONDARY to rupture of PUSTULE commonly on dogs’ abdomens from SUPERFICIAL PYODERMA
RING with SCALING along periphery and red EROSION in middle
follicular cast definition
= accumulation of keratin that anneals hair shafts together
cyst definition
**describe MASS first, then what it is
= smooth, well-circumscribed, fluctant to solid mass; epithelium-lined cavity containing fluid or solid material
definitions for some SECONDARY lesions…
1. scar
2. excoriation
3. fissure
4. callus
- scar = area of FIBROUS tissue that has replaced DAMAGED DERMIS or SQ tissue
- excoriation = EROSION or ULCER caused by SCRATCHING, RUBBING, BITING
- fissure = linear cleavage INTO epidermis or THROUGH EPIDERMIS INTO DERMIS
- callus = thickened, rough, hyperkeratotic, alopecic, often lichenified plaque
NAMES ONLY for SECONDARY LESIONS (8)
- epidermal collarette
- lichenification
- excoriation
- erosion
- ulcer
- callus
- fissure
- scar
