Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1/2 > Digestion & Metabolism 2: Periodontal & Oral Dz > Flashcards

Digestion & Metabolism 2: Periodontal & Oral Dz Flashcards

1
Q

periodontal disease…
= definition
4 components?
caused by..
often has a ____ cause
ULTIMATELY causes what presentation?

A

= INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF ALL PERIODONTAL TISSUES, including…
1. Gingiva
2. Periodontal ligament
3. Alveolar bone
4. Cementum

CAUSED by IMBALANCE BETWEEN BACTERIAL FLORA/PLAQUES in mouth & HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM

often has a MULTIFACTORIAL cause

ULTIMATELY causes…
–> LOSS OF BONE and DETACHMENT OF THE TOOTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

function of periodontal tissues?

A

help ATTACH TOOTH TO HEAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a TOOTH FURCATION?

A

the area where the roots divide and branch into multiple teeth at a time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe this STAGE OF PERIODONTAL DZ..?
weird one

A

likely STAGE II PERIODONTAL DISEASE, see <25% ATTACHMENT SEPARATION between TOOTH FURCATION and GINGIVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5 stages of PERIODONTAL DISEASE?

include % attachment loss, furcation #, probe use and RADIOGRAPHIC findings

A

Stage I
–> ONLY GINGIVITIS
–> Don’t see ANYTHING ON RADIOGRAPHS because ANATOMY MAINTAINED & NO BONE LOSS

Stage II
–> <25% attachment loss at the tooth
–> Furcation 1
–> Can use PROBE to GO BETWEEN TOOTH ROOTS to determine if FURCATION SEPARATION is present!

Stage III
–> 25-50% attachment loss
–> Furcation II
–> Can use the probe to go INTO THE FURCATION and should go BEYOND HALF THE WIDTH OF THE BONE
–> BONE IS STILL PRESENT

Stage IV
–> >50% attachment loss
–> Furcation III
–> SEVERE = see BONE LOSS AND DETACHMENT OF THE TOOTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the 3 parts of this picture in relation to PERIODONTAL DISEASE
T = tooth
G = gingiva

A

1 = NORMAL
–> gingiva and tooth can be separated by 1-3 mm sulcus

2 = GINGIVAL RECESSION & PERIODONTAL DZ
–> TOOTH ROOT EXPOSED and LARGER SULCUS CAN FORM

3 = POCKET FORMED and PERIODONTAL DZ
–> LARGER SULCUS FORMS
–> PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT LOST, so GINGIVA IS THICKENED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

identify TOP and BOTTOM bubble findings on this radiograph

A

TOP = PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT

BOTTOM = BONE LOSS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ID the stage of periodontal DZ on LEFT and RIGHT tooth

A

LEFT = STAGE 4

RIGHT = STAGE 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TREATMENT for PERIODONTAL DZ…
can be VARIABLE depending on what 5 things?
3 treatment options?

A

variable depending on…
1. severity
2. tooth affected
3. functional ability
4. owner compliance for toothbrushing/cleaning
5. patient

3 Tx options?
1. PROFESSIONAL dental cleaning
2. BONE & GUIDED tissue REGENERATION
3. GINGIVAL GRAFTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

TOOTH RESORPTION…
= definition?
what SPECIES/AGE is this most common in?
dz over time?
etiology? (2)

A

= OSTEOCLASTS start to DESTROY & RESORB the tooth and can REPLACE W/ OSTEOID

common in MIDDLE-AGED CATS

tends to be a PROGRESSIVE DZ

etiology?
1. IDIOPATHIC largely
2. potentially due to EXCESS VITAMIN D IN DIET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DESCRIBE LESION & WHAT AGE/SPECIES THIS IS MOST COMMON IN

A

TOOTH RESORPTION

MOST COMMON IN MIDDLE-AGED CATS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CLASSIFICATION of tooth resorption…
TYPE 1? (2 findings & treatment)
TYPE 2? (1 finding, & overall how the animal feels)

A

TYPE 1 = INFLAMMATORY resorption
1. bone loss USUALLY ASSOCIATED
2. PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT still present
tx = EXTRACTION of affected teeth

TYPE 2 = REPLACEMENT RESORPTION
1. PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT is REPLACED or GONE and becomes PART OF TURNOVER OF THE BONE
overall, animal feels USUALLY NON-PAINFUL unless inflammation remains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ID TYPE OF TOOTH RESORPTION

A

TYPE 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ID TYPE OF TOOTH RESORPTION

A

TYPE 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

5 stages of TOOTH resorption?

WHAT ARE THEY BASED ON?

A

BASED ON DESTRUCTION OF THE TOOTH

Stage 1 = CANNOT BE SEEN ON RADS, ONLY affects the CEMENTUM

Stage 2 = affects SURFACE and goes IN, DENTIN now affected

Stage 3 = AFFECTS PULP

Stage 4 = affects CROWN or ROOT

Stage 5 = EVERYTHING IS RESORBED, CROWN NOT PRESENT & GRANULATION TISSUE IN GINGIVA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ID STAGE of TOOTH RESORPTION

A

STAGE 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ID STAGE of TOOTH RESORPTION

A

STAGE 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ENDODONTIC DZ…
affects WHAT part of the tooth?
caused by ____, WITH or WITHOUT ___ ___ and results in ____ or later ____ of the _____
if a tooth is DISCOLORED w/ this dz, it’s likely….
reversible vs. irreversible?

A

affects the DENTAL PULP

caused by TRAUMA, WITH or WITHOUT DENTAL FRACTURE and results in INFLAMMATION or later NECROSIS of the PULP

if a tooth is DISCOLORED, likely NON-VITAL bc becomes PALE BLACK FROM NECROSIS

reversible? = RECENT & ONLY PULPITIS

irreversible? = NECROSIS/NON-VITAL

19
Q

ID lesion

A

TOOTH NECROSIS from ENDODONTIC DZ

20
Q

ID lesion

A

PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT SEPARATED FROM THE TOOTH due to TOOTH NECROSIS from ENDODONTIC DZ

21
Q

ABSCESSES & DRAINING TRACTS…
can occur in WHAT types of diseases? (3)
DRAINAGE of ABSCESSES more commonly occurs where?
how do teeth grossly present? (2)

A

what types of dz?
1. PERIODONTAL DZ
2. ENDODONTIC DZ
3. BOTH

draining abscesses more commonly OCCUR IN MUCOGINGIVAL JUNCTION

gross presentation?
1. teeth can be FRACTURED
2. teeth could also look NORMAL

22
Q

TOOTH FRACTURES…
2 types?
3 ways it can present grossly?
what 3 things are needed for a tooth to stay healthy?

A

2 types?
1. COMPLICATED = PULP AFFECTED
2. UNCOMPLICATED = pulp NOT AFFECTED OR EXPOSED

3 gross presentations?
1. CROWN ONLY can be involved
2. ROOT ONLY can be involved
3. BOTH

3 things for healthy tooth?
1. healthy crown
2. functional root system
3. healthy pulp

23
Q

what TYPE of tooth fracture is this?

A

COMPLICATED (pulp affected/exposed)

24
Q

what TYPE of tooth fracture is this?

A

UNCOMPLICATED (pulp NOT affected/exposed)

25
Q

PULP exposure in ____ fractures causes WHAT DZ?

A

COMPLICATED fractures

causes ENDODONTIC disease

26
Q

TWO TREATMENT OPTIONS for COMPLICATED tooth fractures?

A
  1. EXTRACTION
  2. ENDODONTIC TREATMENT via ROOT CANAL or VITAL PULP THERAPY
27
Q

TOOTH LUXATION & AVULSION…
= definition of both?
LUXATION is more common in WHAT age animal/why? what TYPE of luxation is more common?

A

LUXATION = DISPLACEMENT of the tooth from the ALVEOLUS

AVULSION = tooth is COMPLETELY OUT of ALVEOLAR SPACE

LUXATION more common…
1. in YOUNG animals because PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT/CARTILAGE is SOFTER
2. more often LATERAL luxation

28
Q

ID what’s happening with the tooth

A

tooth AVULSION

29
Q

ID what’s happening with the tooth

A

tooth LUXATION

30
Q

tooth ABRASION…
= definition? (& what part of the tooth is LOST)
3 reasons it can occur?
an IMPORTANT sequelae?

A

= WEAR of the tooth DUE TO CONTACT WITH AN OBJECT causing a LOSS OF DENTIN & stimulation of ODONTOBLASTS to MAKE REPAIR DENTIN

3 reasons?
1. ROUGH TOYS
2. chewing on METAL BARS
3. TENNIS BALLS

can POTENTIALLY cause PULP EXPOSURE and PULPITIS –> PAIN/INFLAMMATION

31
Q

ID LESION

A

tooth ABRASION

32
Q

DENTAL ATTRITION…
= definition?

A

= the WEARING of OCCLUSAL or INCISAL surfaces of teeth due to TOOTH-TO-TOOTH CONTACT

33
Q

ID LESION

A

DENTAL ATTRITION

34
Q

2 reasons teeth DO NOT ERUPT?

it can be difficult to DIFFERENTIATE between them WITHOUT _____

what breeds are PREDISPOSED to UNERUPTED teeth?

unerupted teeth are associated with WHAT lesion?

A

2 reasons?
1. IMPACTED tooth = PHYSICAL BARRIER AVOIDS ERUPTION, can be due to NORMAL anatomy
2. EMBEDDED tooth = ABNORMAL CROWN/ROOT ANATOMY

can be difficult to differentiate WITHOUT RADS

BRACHYCEPHALIC dogs predisposed

associated with DENTIGEROUS CYSTS/EAR TOOTH

35
Q

ID what’s happening with the tooth

A

TOOTH WAS NOT ERUPTED

36
Q

RADICULAR CYSTS…
= definition?
more common in teeth with ____ or ____ ____
2 tx options?

A

= cysts of ODONTOGENIC origin (around the tooth) caused by PROLIFERATION OF EPITHELIAL CELLS around PERIAPICAL area

more common in teeth with PULPITIS or PULP NECROSIS

3 tx options?
1. CYST REMOVAL
2. MARSUPIALIZATION OF CYST & EXTRACTION OF TOOTH

37
Q

ID LESION

A

RADICULAR CYST

38
Q

4 CLASSES of MALOCCLUSION?

hints: include DENTAL or SKELETAL malocclusion, the name for what’s going on, and for the FINAL stage what tx is needed

A

CLASS I = DENTAL malocclusion
–> ABNORMAL position of teeth in DENTAL ARCH but NORMAL RELATIONSHIP between MAXILLA & MANDIBLE

CLASS II = SKELETAL malocclusion
–> MANDIBULAR BRACHYGNATHIA

CLASS III = SKELETAL malocclusion
–> MAXILLARY BRACHYGNATHIA

CLASS 4 = SKELETAL malocclusion
–> MAXILLOMANDIUBLAR ASSYMETRY
–> if NOT CAUSING A PROBLEM, NO NEED TO TREAT

39
Q

GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA…
= definition?
common in WHAT breeds?
what 3 drugs could cause this/name the most common?
what DIAGNOSTICALLY should we do if we see this?
tx?

A

= ENLARGEMENT of gingiva due to PROLIFERATION of CT there

common in BRACHYCEPHALIC breeds

3 drugs?
1. CYCLOSPORIN = MOST COMMON
2. ANTICONVULSANTS
3. CA-CHANNEL BLOCKERS (amlodipine, dilitiazem)

should ALWAYS do a BIOPSY because MANY CAUSES OF GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

treatment = REMOVE EXESS GINGIVA (in most cases)

40
Q

ID LESION

A

GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

41
Q

FELINE CHRONIC STOMATITIS…
= definition?
___ IS CRITICAL because this could be ____ _____ _____ or ____
2 diagnostic tools?
treatment options? (3)

A

= INFLAMMATION of the ORAL MUCOSA due to DYSREGULATED IMMUNE SYSTEM

DIAGNOSIS is CRITICAL because this could be SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA or LYMPHOMA

2 diagnostic tools?
1. BIOPSY
2. RADIOGRAPHS

3 treatment options?
1. PROFESSIONAL DENTAL CLEANING w/ EXTRACTIONS
2. test for FIV/FeLV to see if we can use STEROIDS for INFLAMMATION
3. GCCs, CYCLOSPORINE, ANALGESICS

42
Q

ID DZ

A

FELINE CHRONIC STOMATITIS

43
Q

CANINE ULCERATIVE STOMATITIS…
= definition?
mediated by WHAT cell?
can PROGRESS to ____ & later ____
4 treatment options?

A

= INFLAMMATION/ULCERATION of the ORAL MUCOSA in areas that TOUCH THE TOOTH

mediated by T-cells

can progress to OSTEOMYELITIS & later NECROSIS

4 treatment options?
1. PROFESSIONAL DENTAL CLEANING & EXTRACTIONS
2. ORAL HOME CARE
3. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
4. CYCLOSPORINE & METRONIDAZOLE

Year 1/2 (139 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions