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year 1/2 > Digestion & Metabolism 2: Poultry Intestinal Dz > Flashcards

Digestion & Metabolism 2: Poultry Intestinal Dz Flashcards

1
Q

COCCIDIOSIS…

what TYPE of ORGANISM? what’s the GENUS?

tends to affect WHAT SPECIES? (2)

signs? (3) which one INDICATES this disease?

HIGH likelihood of…

A

PROTOZOA, EIMIERIUM

affects…
1. CHICKENS
2. TURKEYS

signs?
1. BLOODY DROPPINGS –> INDICATES DZ
2. DROOPY/DEPRESSED
3. D+

HIGH likelihood of MORTALITY

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2
Q

4 IMPORTANT strains of COCCIDIA & their LOCATIONS in CHICKENS?

these strains are ALL…

A
  1. EIMERIA ACERVULINA = DUODENUM
  2. EIMERIA MAXIMA = JEJUNUM
  3. EIMERIA NECATRIX = JEJUNUM
  4. EIMERIA TENELLA = CECUM

these strains are ALL TREATED THE SAME WAY

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3
Q

COCCIDIOSIS..

mostly affects COMMERCIAL birds between WHAT ages? in BACKYARD birds, can affect…

COCCIDIA common in environments where…

a common lesIon? what does it mean? (2)

A

usually affects COMMERCIAL YOUNG birds between 3-6 WEEKS, but in BACKYARD birds can be ANY AGE

COCCIDIA common in environments where LITTER GETS MOIST & WET

common lesion = “PASTING” of the vent, meaning it’s FECES or URATES on the VENTS
–> FECES = D+
–> URATES = RENAL FAILURE

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4
Q

in DUODENUM of bird, WHAT ORGANISM IS THIS?

A

EIMERIA ACERVULINA

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5
Q

EIMERIA MAXIMA/NECATRIX

location? (2 names but same location)

pathophysiology? (1 overall thing, then 3)

what SECONDARY dz can it cause?

A

LOCATION = JEJUNUM/MIDGUT

pathophysiology? DISRUPTS IN MIDGUT…
1. INTESTINAL LINING
2. MOVEMENT OF FOOD
3. pH

can cause SECONDARY NECROTIC ENTERITIS

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6
Q

ID LESION in MIDGUT/JEJUNUM (2 possible organisms)

A
  1. EIMERIA NECATRIX
  2. EIMERIA MAXIMA
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7
Q

birds have a ___ cecum

A

PAIRED

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8
Q

ID LESION?

3 possible dz? give ONE specific organism for second one

A

BLOODY CECAL CORE

  1. SALMONELLA
  2. COCCIDIOSIS (EIMERIA TENELLA)
  3. HISTOMONIASIS or BLACKHEAD
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9
Q

TURKEYS vs. CHICKENS COCCIDIA?

A

TURKEYS ARE INFECTED BY THEIR OWN COCCIDIA, NO CROSSOVER & DIFFERENT LESIONS

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10
Q

DIAGNOSIS of COCCIDIOSIS (2)

A
  1. on NECROPSY EXAM, SCRAPE INTESTINAL LINING from NECROPSY SPECIMEN
  2. FECAL FLOATATION (let it GO LONGER THAN NORMAL)
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11
Q

TREATMENT for COCCIDIOSIS (2)

which drug is ONLY limited to ___ birds?

A
  1. mostly AMPROLINUM (CORID)
  2. SULFA DRUGS –> LIMITED TO GAME BIRDS
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12
Q

FOUR PREVENTION for COCCIDIOSIS? which one is KEY?

which is ONLY in COMMERCIAL industry? when is it given (& which one is MOST of the time)? (2)

A
  1. LIVE vaccines to BOOST IMMUNITY
  2. ANTICOCCIDIALS
  3. HOUSE MANAGEMENT
  4. DRY LITTER –> KEY

only LIVE VACCINES given to COMMERCIAL BIRDS, and given…
1. HATCHERY –> MOST OF THE TIME
2. TRANSPORTATION FROM HATCHERY TO FARM

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13
Q

what 2 diseases are ASSOCIATED with COCCIDIOSIS? these diseases are BOTH…

what can INCREASE severity & INCIDENCE of disease?

A

2 diseases…
1. NECROTIC ENTERITIS
2. ULCERATIVE ENTERITIS
–> these diseases are BOTH CLOSTRIDIAL INFECTIONS

IMMUNOSUPPRESSION can INCREASE SEVERITY & INCIDENCE of DZ

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14
Q

NECROTIC ENTERITIS…

= definition?

affects what 2 species?

chronicity?

often secondary to…

what other 2 things can cause it?

2 clinical signs?

A

= BACTERIAL ENTERIC DZ

affects…
1. CHICKENS
2. TURKEYS

chronicity = ACUTE

often secondary to COCCIDIOSIS

other 2 things?
1. EATING FISH or WHEAT causing a DISTURBANCE OF INTESTINAL MICROFLORA
2. IMMUNOSUPPRESSION from INFECTIOUS BURSAL DZ

2 signs?
1. DEPRESSION
2. HIGH MORTALITY

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15
Q

2 descriptions for the INTESTINE? (top)

1 description for the MUCOSA? (bottom)

WHAT DZ?

A

INTESTINE = FRIABLE & SWOLLEN

MUCOSA = NECROTIC

NECROTIC ENTERITIS

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16
Q

NECROTIC ENTERITIS…

diagnosis? (2, plus two findings for second)

prevention? (2)

can treat with ??? if needed

A

diagnosis..
1. GROSS EXAM
2. HISTOPATHOLOGY (necrosis, coccidial OOCYST)

prevention?
1. COCCIDIAL CONTROL
2. FEED ADDITIVES & PROBIOTICS to get GUT MICROFLORA BACK UNDER CONTROL

can treat with ANTIBIOTICS if needed

17
Q

ULCERATIVE ENTERITIS…

often secondary to…

seen in WHAT 2 species? which one more commonly/severely?

etiologic agent?

spread via…

see WHAT in GI tract?

how can SYSTEMIC dz occur?

treatment?

A

often secondary to COCCIDIOSIS

seen in..
1. QUAIL –> MOST COMMON AND SEVERE
2. CHICKENS (occasionally)

etiologic agent = CLOSTRIDIUM COLINUM

spread via DROPPINGS

see GI ULCERS

SYSTEMIC DZ = intestinal wall thin/ulcer can BREAK OPEN & cause SYSTEMIC infection

treat via ANTIBIOTICS

18
Q

in GI of QUAIL…

DZ?

ETIOLOGIC AGENT?

A

ULCERATIVE ENTERITIS

CLOSTRIDIUM COLINUM

19
Q

what is the MAIN intestinal parasite in birds in COMMERCIAL & BACKYARD birds?

occasionally, what OTHER parasite can we see?

A

ROUNDWORMS

occasionally, can also see TAPEWORMS

20
Q

CECAL worms…

can carry WHAT dz? (2 names)?

causes WHAT sign?

A

can carry BLACKHEAD or HISTOMONIASIS

causes CYANOSIS of HEAD

21
Q

ROUNDWORMS & CECAL WORMS…

what TYPE of life cycle?

tx? what is this tx approved for?

A

DIRECT life cycle

treatment = SAFE-GUARD or AQUASOL (FENBENDAZOLE)
–> approved for LAYERS with NO WITHDRAWAL

22
Q

TAPEWORMS…

what TYPE of life cycle?

name IHs? (3)

tx in birds?

A

INDIRECT life cycle

IHs?
1. FLIES
2. BEETLES
3. EARTHWORMS

NO TREATMENT IN BIRDS

23
Q

HISTOMONIASIS…

aka “common name” or clinical name?

what KIND of dz is this?

etiologic agent?

affects what 5 species? PRIMARILY affects what 2 species? which one can CARRY them?

chronicity?

3 clinical signs?

A

aka “BLACKHEAD” or ENTERO-HEPATITIS

PROTOZOAL dz

etiologic agent = HISTOMONAS MELEAGRIDIS

affects..
1. TURKEYS –> PRIMARILY
2. PEAFOWLS –> PRIMARILY
3. QUAIL
4. GROUSE
5. CHICKENS –> CARRIER

ACUTE

signs?
1. DEPRESSION
2. SULFUR-COLORED D+
3. HIGH MORTALITY

24
Q

2 PATHOGNOMONIC findings on GROSS anatomy for HISTOMONIASIS?

A
  1. IRREGULAR, ROUND DEPRESSED AREAS IN THE LIVER
  2. CECAL CORES
25
Q

id LESION on liver

ID DZ

A

IRREGULAR, ROUND DEPRESSED LESIONS

HISTOMONIASIS

26
Q

HISTOMONIASIS transmission? (3 ways)

A
  1. PECK AT GROUND & get organism DIRECTLY
  2. PECK AT GROUND & get CECAL WORM that has PROTOZOA IN IT
  3. PECK AT GROUND & get EARTHWORM that has PROTOZOA IN IT
27
Q

HISTOMONIASIS…

definitive diagnosis?

treatment? this CANNOT be used if…

A

diagnosis? = PATHOGNOMONIC GROSS LESIONS

treatment? = FLAGYL
–> CANNOT be used if animal is being raised for HUMAN CONSUMPTION

prevention?
1. ROTATE PASTURES
2. keep CHICKENS & TURKEYS SEPARATED bc chickens can carry it

28
Q

ID LESION…

DZ? (3 possible)

A

CECAL CORE

DZ?
1. HISTOMONIASIS
2. SALMONELLA
3. COCCIDIOSIS (EIMERIA TENELLA)

year 1/2 (139 decks)

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