Digestion & Metabolism 2: Abdominal Approaches (Holt)

Question 1

90% of the time, when we do ABDOMINAL SX, we do a ____ _____ ____ and cut through the ____ ____

Answer 1

VENTRAL MIDLINE LAPAROTOMY, LINEA ALBA

Question 2

if you STRIP the fat back, then you’re creating ___ ___ and can cause ____ if you don’t ____ ____

Answer 2

DEAD SPACE, SEROMA, CLOSE IT

Question 3

the LINEA ALBA tends to get ____ the more caudal you move back in the body

Answer 3

THINNER

Question 4

what is the best way to use a SCALPEL and cut through body for abdominal sx?

go until you see the…

Answer 4

REPEATED, SMALL INCISIONS

go until you see the FALCIFORM FAT

Question 5

what method do we use to remove the FALCIFORM fat? why?

Answer 5

CAUTERY because there’s MANY VESSELS PRESENT

Question 6

which LEAF of the RECTUS SHEATH/LINEA ALBA is present towards the VERY CAUDAL end of the body?

why is this important?

Answer 6

EXTERNAL LEAF

IMPORTANT because when we’re SUTURING for a SPAY/NEUTER, because the EXTERNAL LEAF of the SHEATH is MADE OF COLLAGEN, PROVIDES GOOD HOLDING STRENGTH

Question 7

when suturing the abdomen CLOSED, should take our bites HOW FAR away from incision?

what KIND of sutures should we use?

Answer 7

4-5 mm

can use CONTINUOUS or SINGLE INTERRUPTED

Question 8

when should we LIKELY NOT use CONTINUOUS sutures?

Answer 8

when the animal is IMMUNOSUPPRESSED, such as DIABETES or CUSHENOID

if you lose a SINGLE part of continuous, IT’LL ALL COME APART

Question 9

indications for PARACOSTAL muscle incision? (2)

Answer 9

1. REALLY BIG/FRIABLE SPLENIC TUMORS
2. BIG LIVER TUMORS

Question 10

3 indications for FLANK incisions?

Answer 10

1. need to put a FEEDING TUBE IN but we’re IN THE CHEST
2. need to MANIPULATE THE OMENTUM
3. PREVENT GDV by LAPAROSCOPIC-ASSISTED GASTROPEXY (TACK PYLORUS TO THE RIGHT SIDE)

Question 11

when performing a FLANK incision, make sure to do what 2 things?

Answer 11

1. go through EACH MUSCLE LAYER INDIVIDUALLY
2. stay PARALLEL with MUSCLE FIBERS

Question 12

why do NSAIDs cause GI ULCERS? (2)

Answer 12

1. NSAIDs cause INHIBITION of PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS, which help regulate BLOOD FLOW and REPAIR to the STOMACH
2. NSAIDs can also cause RENAL FAILURE (changing blood flow) which can cause ULCERATION

Question 13

GASTRINOMA definition

Answer 13

tumor of the PANCREAS that SECRETES GASTRIN & can cause GASTRIC ULCER

Question 14

CORTICOSTEROIDS can also inhibit ____ production

Answer 14

CORTICOSTEROIDS can inhibit PROSTAGLANDIN production, which can produce MUCOUS/BICARBONATE to protect GI

Question 15

do we ALWAYS see ULCERATION with NSAID use in animals?

Answer 15

NO

Question 16

if you see a SOLITARY ulcer on the GI…

Answer 16

you MIGHT be able to fix it with Sx!

Question 17

if a dog has a GASTRIC FOREIGN BODY, then likely comes in with WHAT CLINICAL SIGN?

Answer 17

VOMITING!

Question 18

for SMALL foreign bodies (coins, needles, nails), we should use ___ to find them

Answer 18

ENDOSCOPY

Question 19

if we have to go in after a LARGE foreign body, we need to… (2)

what is MOST important for the stomach to heal?

Answer 19

1. PACK abdomen to AVOID CONTAMINATION
2. STAY SUTURES to pull things up

most important thing for stomach healing?
–> BLOOD SUPPLY

Question 20

when CLOSING the stomach, it can be…

Answer 20

closed as a SINGLE or MULTIPLE layers, MANY OPTIONS!

Question 21

indications for SUPER GLUE toxicity? (2)

what happens when it’s exposed to heat?

Answer 21

1. RETCHING (vomiting)
2. BROWN around MOUTH

WHEN EXPOSED TO HEAT = EXPANDS

Question 22

CLOTH is an example of a ____ ____ ____

Answer 22

LINEAR FOREIGN BODY

Question 23

DELAYED GASTRIC EMPTYING…
commonality?
example of CONGENITAL DZ? what breed is this common in?
what causes it?
how can we diagnose this?

Answer 23

NOT COMMON

CONGENITAL DZ?
CONGENITAL PYLORIC STENOSIS, common in BOSTON TERRIERS, VOMITING and STOMACHS DO NOT EMPTY

cause?
DELAYED gastric emptying because MUCOSA OF STOMACH IS VERY THICKENED

diagnosis?
UPPER GI CONTRAST SERIES