Cognition & Senses 2: Eye Exam

Question 1

what do we choose to DILATE the pupil in EYE EXAMS? (comparison to another drug)

WHY do we do this?

Answer 1

we use TROPICAMIDE (faster acting & less potent atropine basically)

do this to VISUALIZE THE LENS

Question 2

what are the MAIN 3 TOOLS that you need to EXAMINE EYES WELL?

which one is the MOST IMPORTANT?

Answer 2

1. MAGNIFICATION
2. LIGHT SOURCE that’s FOCAL –> MOST IMPORTANT
3. APPROPRIATE INSTRUMENTATION

Question 3

3 types of FINDINGS/TESTS we should PERFORM for EYE EXAM?

include 4 diagnostics

Answer 3

1. NEURO-OPHTHALMIC EXAM
   –> assessment of CRANIAL NERVES
2. perform DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
   –> STT, FLUORESCIN DYE, TONOMETRY, JONE’S TEST
3. SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION
   –> start with RIGHT then go to LEFT eye
   –> go OUTSIDE TO IN and FRONT TO BACK to ASSESS CORNEA

Question 4

WHICH CRANIAL NERVES are we ASSESSING when doing an EYE EXAM? (6)

Answer 4

II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

Question 5

FLUORESCIN DYE TEST…

3 steps?

what type of LIGHT is best & why?

Answer 5

1. use MOISTENED strip with a DROP OF ARTIFICIAL TEARS
2. touch DYE STRIP DIRECTLY to CONJUNCTIVA
3. use a COBALT LIGHT or UV LIGHT to COMPARE BOTH EYES

COBALT LIGHT is BEST to VISUALIZE ULCERS

Question 6

SCHIRMER TEAR TEST

steps?

how often should we do this?

Answer 6

1. FOLD STRIP at the NOTCH
2. PLACE NOTICED END OF STRIP in LOWER CONJUNCTIVAL FORNIX at LATERAL CANTHUS
3. CLOSE EYE & LEAVE IT THERE for 1 MINUTE
4. MEASURE WETTING on STRIP in mm/min

DO THIS ON EVERY EYE PATIENT

Question 7

how LONG does it take for JONE’S TEST?

what can make this test LONGER?

Answer 7

usually takes A FEW MINS

dogs with LONG SNOUTS can cause LONGER TIME UNTIL RESULTS

Question 8

ID SPECIES?

Answer 8

LEFT = CAT fundus

RIGHT = DOG fundus

Question 9

OPHTHALMOSCOPY…

2 steps?

Answer 9

2 steps?
1. use TROPICAMIDE 1% to DILATE PUPIL
2. wait 20 MINUTES for IT TO WORK

Question 10

ID DIAGNOSTIC?

this is best for WHAT species & why?

Answer 10

this is DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY

best for HORSES w/ BIG EYES bc causes HIGH MAGNIFICATION, in SMALL EYES WE WOULDN’T BE ABLE TO SEE ANYTHING

Question 11

what is the best way to examine LENS of SMALL ANIMALS?

Answer 11

INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY

Question 12

INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY pro & 2 cons?

DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY pro & con?

Answer 12

INDIRECT
–> PRO = USEFUL IN SA SPECIES
–> CONS = HARD TO LEARN & IMAGE IS REVERTED

DIRECT
–> PRO = RIGHT-SIDE UP IMAGE
–> CON = CANNOT USE IN SA

Question 13

what TOOLS do we use for INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY? (2)

Answer 13

1. FINOFF TRANSILLUMINATOR
2. CONCAVE CONDENSING LENS (28 DIOPTER)

Question 14

the HIGHER THE DIOPTER, the…

what’s the average size for DOGS/CATS vs. BIRDS?

Answer 14

the FARTHER YOU’LL HAVE TO HOLD THE LENS AWAY FROM THE EYE TO SEE

DOGS/CATS = 28 DIOPTER

BIRDS = 60 DIOPTER