Defense & Barriers 2: Adverse Food Reactions Flashcards
dietary indiscretion definition
patient eats something they’re not supposed to (high in fat, spicy) and usually present with GI signs
food poisoning…
= definition
2 clinical signs? (include 2 things for last one)
= MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION OF FOOD
clinical signs?
1. GI infection
2. releases toxin that causes clinical signs (Staph/Botulism)
lactose intolerance…
what kind of reaction?
what 2 species/age is most common?
what clinical sign does it cause?
METABOLIC reaction
most commonly in ADULT dogs/cats
causes OSMOTIC DIARRHEA
CHOCOLATE toxicity…
what kind of reaction?
what chemical is poisonous?
2 clinical signs?
PHARMACOLOGIC reaction
THEOBROMINE is the toxic compound
clinical signs?
1. RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
2. TACHYCARDIA
food idiosyncrasy definition
individuals react negative to a particular food item, no real widespread reason
food ANTIGENS…
= definition?
2 things required for food antigens?
approximate size range?
haptens? how likely are they to do anything?
= an ALLERGEN that can cause SENSITIZATION in animals with FOOD ALLERGIES
2 things?
1. must be WATER-SOLUBLE to be DIGESTED IN GI TRACT
2. must be HEAT RESISTANT to WITHSTAND COOKING
size?
10,000 kd –> 70,000 kd
haptens? = FOOD ADDITIVES can STILL CAUSE SENSITIZATION, unlikely to do much
SENSITIZATION…
what does sensitization REQUIRE before it can occur in an animal?
what does this mean for “hypoallergenic” foods with NOVEL PROTEINS?
requires PRIOR EXPOSURE, so NO INNATE HYPERSENSITIVITY
“hypoallergenic” foods with NOVEL PROTEINS just means that ANIMAL HAS NOT BEEN EXPOSED/SENSITIZED YET
DIET HYPERSENSITIVITIES…
3 clinical signs? (last one is RARE)
diagnosis…
1. length?
2. what kind of diet?
3. when we can make tentative diagnosis?
4. when we can make COMPLETE diagnosis?
risks? (1)
treatment? (1)
Clinical signs?
1. PRURITIC SKIN DISEASE
2. GI SIGNS
3. Respiratory signs & neurological signs RARE
Diagnosis..
1. Length needs to be 8-10 weeks
2. Put patient on LIMITED ANTIGEN, NOVEL PROTEIN DIET & SHOULD NOT CONTAIN INCITING ANTIGEN
3. If clinical signs at least IMPROVE or RESOLVE within 1-2 weeks = DIETARY HYPERSENSITIVITY
4. If clinical signs COME BACK after putting on original diet = COMPLETE DIAGNOSIS
risks?
1. Can still have FALSE NEGATIVE = clinical signs could still remain if there are CONTAMINANTS in food/environment
Treatment?
FEED NON-PROBLEMATIC DIET
for FELINE GROWTH…. (2)
there are no HYDROLYZED or ELEMENTAL diets
there are only ___ treat options for ___ & ____
HYDROLYZED, dogs, cats
what is the RISK with OTC limited antigen, novel protein diets?
risk of CROSS-REACTIVITY to PAN ALLERGENS that can be included, like BEEF –> VENISON, or CHICKEN –> POULTRY
HYDROLYZED diet…
= definition?
risks? (2)
formulation? (1)
= SINGLE, ENZYMATICALLY HYDROLYZED NON- NOVEL PROTEIN SOURCE that’s been BROKEN DOWN TO <10,000 kd size so it SHOULD NOT be able to provoke immune response
risks?
1. STILL might not be able to AVOID ALL ALLERGIC EPITOPES FROM ESCAPING
2. diets can still be FLAVORED with SENSITIZING COMPOUNDS
formulation?
1. most are DRY except BLUE BUFFALO
ELEMENTAL diet…
= definition?
risk? (1)
formulation? (1)
= AMINO ACID-based food that CANNOT INVOKE IMMUNE RESPONSE
risk? = risk for PAN ALLERGENS in STARCH
formulation? = DRY ONLY
