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Year 1/2 > Defense & Barriers 2: Ectoparasites > Flashcards

Defense & Barriers 2: Ectoparasites Flashcards

1
Q

ARTHROPODS…
Phylum?
Class & order for…
Ticks?
Flies?
Mites?
Fleas?
Lice?

A

PHYLUM = ARTHROPODA

CLASS = ARACHNIDA
ORDER = ACARI (ticks, mites)

CLASS = INSECTA
ORDER = DIPTERA (flies)
ORDER = PHTHIRAPTERA (lice)
ORDER = SIPHONAPTERA (fleas)

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2
Q

what 3 organisms are NOT good for INDIRECT TRANSMISSION of pathogens?

A

MITES, FLEAS & LICE

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3
Q

MITES…
3 main characteristics? (size, 2 about anatomy)

5 types of mites with names of GENUS? (hint: one of them has 2 sub-categories)

A

3 main characteristics?
1. MICROSCOPIC or VERY SMALL in size
2. MOUTHPARTS are DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO BODY
3. NO BASIS CAPITULUM (thing between mouthparts & body) or SHIELD/SCUTUM

5 types of mites w/ GENUS names?
1. MANGE mites
–> BURROWING = Sarcoptes, notoedres, demodex
–> NON-BURROWING = Psoroptes, chorioptes, otodectes
2. WALKING DANDRUFF = cheyletiella
3. NASAL MITES = pneumonyssoides
4. CHIGGERS = trombicula
5. POULTRY MITES = ornithonyssus, dermanyssus

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4
Q

BURROWING mites…
what type of mite is this?
1 main characteristic?
3 organisms? (say something about 2 of them)

A

these are MANGE mites

characteristic?
1. most burrow DEEP into dermis

3 organisms?
1. Sarcoptes scabiei = in stratum SPINOSUM
2. Notoedris cati
3. Demodex spp = doesn’t ACTUALLY burrow deep into skin, just HAIR FOLLICLES & SEBACEOUS GLANDS –> that’s why we need to get CAPILLARY BLEEDING on skin scraping!

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5
Q

NON-BURROWING mites…
what type of mite is this?
2 main characteristics?
give 3 genus/species?

A

these are MANGE mites

2 characteristics?
1. on SURFACE of skin
2. ALL HAVE LONG LEGS

3 organism names?
1. Psoroptes spp
2. Chorioptes bovis
3. Otodectes cynotis

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6
Q

MITES…
life cycle? (2, 4 stages & category)
what 4 things can they feed on?
what 2 places can they live?
host specificity?
zoonotic risk?

A

life cycle? = SIMPLE METAMORPHOSIS
1. All the major stages are morphologically similar to ADULT
2. Eggs –> larvae –> nymphs –> adult

what 4 things can they feed on?
1. host tissue
2. cellular debris
3. blood
4. lymph

what 2 places can they live?
1. ALWAYS on host
2. just FEED on host & live in ENVIRONMENT

host-specificity?
–> specific TO ONE TYPE OF HOST (mammals, birds, etc.)

zoonotic risk?
–> mites that affect DOGS/CATS HIGH LIKELIHOOD for ZOONOSES

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7
Q

identify the GENUS & organism

A

MITE (POULTRY)

ORNITHONYSSUS

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8
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

MITE (MANGE, BURROWING)

SARCOPTES SCABIEI

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9
Q

SARCOPTES SCABIEI…
what kind of organism is this?
4 anatomical traits?
feeds on? (2)
contagion? (1)
hosts? (7, + what is usually NOT a host? what is reportable?)
2 host specificities? (+ ** what happens if the WRONG host gets WRONG bug?)

A

this is a MANGE, BURROWING MITE

4 anatomical traits?
1. MICROSCOPIC
2. OVAL-shaped
3. SHORT LEGS
4. LONG PEDICELS (end of leg)

feeds on?
1. LYMPH
2. EPITHELIAL cels

contagion? = HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS!

hosts?
1. ruminants
2. humans
3. ferrets
4. dogs
5. pigs
6. wildlife
7. horses
** RARE in CATS, REPORTABLE in CATTLE in US

host SPECIFICITIES?
1. Sarcoptes scabiei var. CANIS = can affect DOGS & SOMETIMES HUMANS
** IF humans infected with CANIS, causes ATYPICAL, TRANSIENT DERMATITIS
2. Sarcoptes sabiei var. HOMINIS = HUMANS

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10
Q

identify GENUS & organism

**What is this?

A

MITE (MANGE, BURROWING)

SARCOPTES SCABIEI

**LONG PEDICEL!!

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11
Q

SARCOPTIES SCABIEI predilection sites for…
dog? (2)
pig? (4)
sheep/goat? (2, “name?”)
cattle? (3)
horse? (4)
wildlife? (1, something special about it)

A

Dogs
1. elbows
2. ears

Pigs
1.around the eyes
2. on nose
3.back
4. legs

Sheep/goat
1. head
2. neck
“head scab”

Cattle
1. head
2. neck
3. shoulders

Horse
1. head
2.neck
3. flanks
4. abdomen

Wildlife = RED FOX (Vulpes vulpes) is AFFECTED BY LETHAL FORM of SARCOPTIC MANGE

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12
Q

5 clinical signs of SARCOPTES SCABIEI? (what’s the MAIN one?)
where does disease USUALLY START FOR ALL ANIMALS? (not a particular anatomical location)

A
  1. MAIN ONE = SEVERE PRURITUS
  2. HYPERKERATOSIS
  3. ALOPECIA
  4. REDDISH LESIONS covered with YELLOWISH CRUST
  5. Severe self-trauma & secondary infections MAY occur

usually starts on RELATIVELY HAIRLESS areas of skin

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13
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

SARCOPTES SCABIEI

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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14
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

SARCOPTES SCABIEI

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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15
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

SARCOPTES SCABIEI

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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16
Q

NOTOEDRES CATI…
what kind of organism is this?
hosts? (4, include which is the MOST common)
morphology when compared to another bug? (2)
what kinds of lesions?
lesion distribution (4, include which is MOST common)
clinical signs? (4)

A

= MANGE, BURROWING MITE

hosts?
1. MOSTLY domestic cats/wild felids
2. rats
3. rabbits
4. humans (rarely)

morphology?
1. SMALLER than SARCOPTES
2. has DORSAL ANUS rather than TERMINAL ANUS in SARCOPTES

what kind of lesions? = CRUSTY lesions!

lesion distribution?
1. MOSTLY on EARS
2. face
3. paws
4. hindquarters

clinical signs?
1. marked hyperkeratosis
2. alopecia
3. self-trauma
4. pruritus

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17
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

NOTOEDRES CATI

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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18
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

NOTOEDRES CATI

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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19
Q

identify GENUS & organism

A

DEMODEX

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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20
Q

identify GENUS & organism

A

DEMODEX

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

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21
Q

DEMODEX spp….
what kind of organism is this?
one uncommon “alternative name?”
location ON HOST? (2, NOT anatomical regions)
morphology? (1)
contagion/transmission?
host specificity?
clinical signs? (3, which one is MOST unusual/important?)

A

MANGE, BURROWING MITE

“red or puppy mange”

location?
1. considered NORMAL FAUNA of skin
2. lives in HAIR FOLLICLES & SEBACEOUS GLANDS, DOES NOT PENETRATE EPIDERIMIS

morphology? = LONG, cigar-shaped body

contagion/transmission? = NOT CONTAGIOUS, transmitted DIRECTLY FROM MOM TO NEONATE

host specificity? = mites are HOST-SPECIFIC, but MULTIPLE MITES can AFFECT ONE SPECIES

clinical signs? (3)
1. ALOPECIA due to DAMAGE TO FOLLICLES
2. IMMUNOSUPPRESSION from overpopulation
3. ** NO PRURITUS

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22
Q

identify GENUS & organism

A

PSOROPTES

MANGE, NON-BURROWING mite

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23
Q

identify GENUS & organism

**what is this?

A

PSOROPTES

MANGE, NON-BURROWING mite

**3 SEGMENTED PEDICELS

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24
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

PSOROPTES CUNICULI

MANGE, NON-BURROWING mite

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25
Q

PSOROPTES spp….
what kind of organism is this?
morphology? (2)
feeds on… (2)
hosts? (3)

A

MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

morphology?
1. LONG LEGS
2. 3 SEGMENTED PEDICELS

feeds on SKIN and LYMPH

hosts?
1. rabbits
2. ruminants
3. horses

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26
Q

PSOROPTES OVIS
what kind of organism?
3 hosts?
severity?
reportable?

A

MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

3 hosts?
1. cattle
2. sheep
3. horses

severity? = often UNSERIOUS

reportable = YES

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27
Q

PSOROPTES CUNICULI
what kind of organism?
commonality?
3 hosts?
3 clinical signs?
what DISEASE does it cause?

A

MANGE, NON-BURROWING mite

COMMON

3 hosts?
1. goats
2. horses
3. rabbits

clinical signs?
1. CRUSTY ear canals/ear
2. otitis
3. pruritus

disease = EAR CANKER

28
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

CHORIOPTES BOVIS

= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

29
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

**what is this?

A

CHORIOPTES BOVIS

MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

**SHORT, UNSEGMENTED PEDICEL/STALK

30
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

CHORIOPTES BOVIS

MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

31
Q

CHORIOPTES BOVIS…
what type of organism?
“common name” of disease?
3 morphological traits?
5 hosts? (principle host, one is location-based & a common breed example?)
histologic location?
3 gross lesion locations?
feeds on… (1)

A

= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

“Foot and Tail Mange”

3 morphological traits?
1. SMALL SIZE
2. LONG LEGS
3. SHORT, UNSEGMENTED PEDICELS

5 hosts?
1. CATTLE are principle
2. HORSES –> DRAFT breeds common
3. EAR CANAL of RABBITS
4. SHEEP
5. GOATS

histologic location = SUPERFICIALLY in STRATUM CORNEUM (keratin layer)

3 gross lesions
1. TAIL
2. UDDER
3. LEGS

feeds on EPIDERMAL TISSUES

32
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

CHORIOPTES BOVIS

MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

33
Q

when is CHORIOPTES BOVIS most prevalent?

when does it tend to regress?

A

MOST PREVALENT in the LATE WINTER!

will REGRESS once CATTLE LET OUT INTO PASTURE FOR SPRING

34
Q

3 common names for OTODECTES CYNOTIS infection?

A
  1. otodectic mange
  2. otoacariasis
  3. ear canker
35
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

OTODECTES CYNOTIS

MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

36
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

OTODECTES CYNOTIS

MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

37
Q

OTODECTES CYNOTIS…
what type of organism?
morphology? (2)
location?
hosts? (4, including a specific example)
cytological findings? (1)
clinical signs? (2 dog, 1 cat)

A

= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

morphology?
1. long legs
2. short, unsegmented pedicels

location? = EXTERNAL EAR CANAL and ADJACENT SKIN

4 hosts?
1. horses
2. CATS –> MOST COMMON CAUSE OF OTITIS EXTERNA
3. dogs
4. ferrets

cytology?
1. cerumen looks like COFFEE GROUNDS

clinical signs DOG?
1. aural hematoma
2. self-trauma

clinical sign CAT?
1. EXCORIATION around and in ears

38
Q

identify GENUS & organism

A

CHEYLETIELLA

= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

39
Q

identify GENUS & organism

A

CHEYLETIELLA

= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

40
Q

CHEYLETIELLA..
what kind of organism is this?
another “common name?”
KEY characteristic? (1)
3 hosts? (+specificity, transient host?)
survival? (1)
3 clinical signs?
what should we be looking for & what test is NOT necessary? (1)

A

= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

“walking dandruff”

KEY characteristic?
1. CHELICERAE = CLAWS are in the HEAD of the mite

3 hosts?
1. dogs
2. cats
3. rabbits
**HOST SPECIFIC FOR EACH SPECIES!
**HUMANS can act as TRANSITORY/ACCIDENTAL host, but DO NOT TRANSMIT DISEASE

can SURVIVE OFF of the host for LONGER PERIOD OF TIME than OTHER MITES

clinical signs? (3)
1. exfoliative alopecia
2. pruritus
3. scaling

looking for?
1. SMALL, MOVING MITES ON SKIN SURFACE & SKIN SCRAPING NOT NEEDED

41
Q

identify GENUS & organism

A

CHEYLETIELLA

= MANGE, NON-BURROWING MITE

42
Q

PNEUMONYSSOIDES CANINUM…
what type of organism is this?
size? (1)
host? (1)
locations? (2)
clinical signs? (5)
diagnosis? (3, give what’s USUALLY DONE and 2 others)

A

= NASAL MITE

size? = VISIBLE TO NAKED EYE (large)

host = DOGS

locations?
1. NASAL sinuses
2. PARANASAL sinuses

clinical signs? (5)
1. Nasal secretions
2. Rhinitis
3. Hyperemia of nasal mucosa
4. Chronic sneezing
5. Epistaxis

diagnostics?
1. NASAL SWAB USUALLY BEST/easiest
2. ID mites on nasal planum
3. rhinoscopy

43
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

PNEUMONYSSOIDES CANINUM

= NASAL MITE

44
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

PNEUMONYSSOIDES CANINUM

= NASAL MITE

45
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

A

PNEUMONYSSOIDES CANINUM

= NASAL MITE

46
Q

label left to right

A

Chorioptes –> Otodectes –> Notoedres
Psoroptes –> Sarcoptes

47
Q

FLEAS…
phylum –> class –> order?
morphology? (6)
life cycle/what it means?
host specificity?
feeds on? (1)
locations of life stages? (2)

A

Phylum = Arthropoda –> Class = Inecta
–> Order = Siphonaptera

morphology?
1. SMALL
2. WINGLESS
3. HEAVILY CHINITIZED
4. COMBS
5. BILATERALLY FLATTENED
6. LEGS are MODIFIED for JUMPING

life cycle/what it means?
COMPLETE/COMPLEX metamorphosis, so IMMATURE STAGES DIFFERENT FROM MATURE

host specificity? = NONE

feeds on BLOOD

locations of life stages?
1. adults FEED, COPULATE and LAY EGGS ON HOST
2. rest of life cycle is IN ENVIRONMENT

48
Q

CTENOCEPHALIDES SPP…
identify organism?
host specificity?
2 most common SPECIES of the organism?
morphology? (1, 2 types)
2 direct impacts?
4 indirect impacts? (2 categories)

A

= FLEA

NOT host specific!

2 most common species?
1. C. CANIS (dog flea)
2. C. FELIS (cat flea)

morphology?
1. has 2 combs!
GENAL = MOUTH, PRONOTAL = neck

2 DIRECT impacts?
1. flea allergy hypersensitivity = MOST COMMON, due to FLEA SALIVARY ANTIGEN
2. anemia = due to HIGH number of fleas

4 INDIRECT impacts? –> PARASITES & BACTERIA
1. Dipylidium caninum = GI TAPEWORM, need to ELIMINATE FLEAS if this is found or else HOST RE-INFECTED
2. Acanthocheilonema reconditum = NEMATODE, found as MF in blood smear
3. Bartonella henselae = CAT SCRATCH FEVER
4. Rickettsia spp

49
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & organism

** identifying factor?

A

XENOPSYELLA CHEOPIS

FLEA

** MESOPLEURAL ROD in SECOND THORACIC SPACE

50
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & oragnism

** identifying factor?

A

PULLEX IRRITANS

FLEA

** NO MESOPLEURAL ROD in SECOND THORACIC SPACE

51
Q

XENOPSYLLA CHEOPIS…
what organism is this?
“common name?”
3 hosts?
morphology? (2)
2 INDIRECT impacts?

A

= FLEA

“oriental rat flea”

3 hosts?
1. rats
2. humans
3. dogs

morphology?
1. NO COMBS
2. has MESOPLEURAL ROD in SECOND THORACIC SPACE

2 INDIRECT impacts? –> vector of…
1. PLAGUE (Yersinia pestis)
2. MURINE TYPHUS (Rickettsia typhi)

52
Q

PULLEX IRRITANS
what organism is this?
“common name?”
5 hosts? (**one uncommon)
morphology?
2 INDIRECT impacts?

A

= FLEA

“human flea”

5 hosts?
1. dogs
2. cats
3. swine
4. wildlife
5. HUMANS –> actually more common in ANIMALS

morphology?
1. NO COMBS
2. NO MESOPLEURAL ROD on SECOND THORACIC SEGMENT

2 INDIRECT impacts? –> vector for…
1. PLAGUE (yersinia pestis)
2. MURINE TYPHUS (rickettsia typhi)

53
Q

LICE…
Phylum –> Class –> Order?
4 key characteristics?
life cycle?
lice & host relationship? (3)
transmission? (2)
location? (1)
prevalence/seasonality? (2)

A

Phylum = Arthropoda –> Class = Insecta –> Order = Phthiraptera

4 traits?
1. SMALL
2. WINGLESS
3. DORSO-VENTRALLY FLATTENED
4. THORAX FUSED

life cycle?
1. INCOMPLETE metamorphosis = immature stages VERY SIMILAR to adult stage

lice + host?
1. **ALWAYS LIVE ON HOST, NEVER IN ENVIRONMENT
2. Remain with same host for entire life (3-4 weeks)
3. UNABLE TO LIVE MORE THAN 1-2 DAYS OFF OF HOST

transmission?
1. Via DIRECT CONTACT (host-to-host) and MECHANICAL VECTORS (flies)
2. Eggs glue to hair/feathers

location?
1. many are SITE-SPECIFIC

prevalence/seasonality?
1. MORE prevalent in cattle/sheep in LATE FALL and WINTER
2. LESS prevalent in WARM WEATHER

54
Q

SUCKING lice…
suborder?
3 traits?
host?
feeds on.. **
what GENUS is sucking lice?

A

SUBORDER = ANOPLURA

3 traits?
1. HEAD NARROWER THAN THORAX
2. THICKENED legs
3. PRONOUNCED CLAWS

host? = MAMMALS ONLY

feeds on BLOOD for ALL LIFE STAGES/SEXES

what GENUS? = LIGNATHUS

55
Q

LIGNATHUS VITULI…
what organism is this?
suborder?
“common name?”
host & what 2 specific kinds are common?
common locations? (2)
clinical signs? (2)
prevalence? (1)

A

SUCKING LICE

suborder = ANOPLURA

“Long-nosed cattle louse”

host?
–> CATTLE, calves and dairy stock common

locations?
1. DEWLAP
2. SHOULDERS

clinical signs?
1. STRESS
2. PRODUCTION LOSS

WORLDWIDE prevalence

56
Q

describe WHAT ORGANISM & TYPE

**what helps indicate?

A

SUCKING LICE, head is SMALLER THAN THORAX

57
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & what ORGANISM
“common name?”

A

LIGNATHUS VITULI

SUCKING LICE

“long-nosed cattle louse”

58
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & what ORGANISM

A

LIGNATHUS SETOSUS

SUCKING LICE

59
Q

LIGNATHUS SETOSUS…
what organism is this?
“common name”
host & specific breed? (1)
locations? (3)
clinical signs? (3)

A

SUCKING LICE

“Dog biting louse”

Host?
–> Dogs = MORE COMMON IN LONG-EARED BREEDS

Locations?
1. Head
2. Neck
3. Beneath collars

Clinical signs?
1. Pruritus
2. Discomfort
3. Anemia

60
Q

CHEWING or BITING LICE…
2 suborders?
morphology? (2)
hosts? (2)
feeds on.. (3)
specific GENUS?

A

suborders = amblycera & ischnocera

morphology?
1. HEAD BIGGER THAN THORAX
2. CHEWING MOUTHPARTS

hosts?
1. mammals
2. birds

feeds on…
1. EPIDERMAL TISSUE DEBRIS
2. SEBACEOUS SECRETIONS
3. Some species might feed on blood and cause wounds but NOT COMMON

specific GENUS = DAMALINA

61
Q

identify TYPE OF ORGANISM

A

CHEWING LICE

62
Q

DAMALINA BOVIS
type of organism?
“common name?”
locations? (4)
hosts? (2, one species)
clinical signs? (3)

A

CHEWING/BITING LICE

“Cattle biting louse” = ONLY CHEWING LOUSE IN CATTLE

Locations?
1. Base of tail
2. Shoulders
3. Top line of back
4. Head

Hosts?
1. DAIRY CATTLE
2. BEEF CATTLE

Clinical signs?
1. Intense irritation
2. Pruritus
3. Alopecia

63
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & type of organism

A

DAMALINA BOVIS

CHEWING/BITING LICE

64
Q

identify GENUS/SPECIES & type of organism

A

DAMALINA EQUI

CHEWING/BITING LICE

65
Q

DAMALINA EQUI…
“common name?” * something special
locations? (5)
clinical signs? (4)

A

“Horse biting louse” = MOST COMMON ECTOPARASITE OF HORSES

Locations?
- Head
- Mane
- Side of neck
- Flanks
- Base of tail

Clinical signs?
- Irritation
- Rough hair
- Alopecia
- POSSIBLY skin infections

66
Q

lice infestation…
= medical term for it?
what season is it most common?
2 main clinical signs in LA/SA?
2 ways to diagnose?
main treatment?

A

= PEDICULOSIS

most common in the WINTER

2 main clinical signs?
1. ANEMIA
2. PRURITUS

2 ways to diagnose?
1. ID under microscope
2. COMB or HAIR/FEATHER PLUCK

treatment = INSECTICIDE/FLEA PRODUCTS

Year 1/2 (139 decks)

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