Defense & Barriers 2: Pig Disease

Question 1

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA/BABY PIG ANEMIA…
causes? (2)
usually see ____ by ___-___ days of age
clinical signs? (6)
WHY do we see these clinical signs?
what 2 diseases can it SECONDARILY cause?
treatment/prevention? (both medication & when to give)

Answer 1

causes?
1. CONFINEMENT HOUSING/CROWDED HOUSING causes pigs to not get ENOUGH IRON
2. Pigs naturally have INSUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF IRON FROM MILK

usually see ANEMIA by 5-10 DAYS OF AGE

clinical signs?
1. UNTHRIFTY
2. PALE SKIN
3. EDEMA
4. DYSPNEA
5. LETHARGY/FATIGUE
6. ROUGH HAIR

why?
= clinical signs all the result of DECREASED RBCs and OXYGEN going through body

can SECONDARILY cause…
1. Diarrhea
2. Pneumonia

Treatment/prevention?
–> IM injection with 200 mg IRON DEXTRAN at 1-3 or 3-5 days of age!

Question 2

Mycoplasma Suis (Eperythrozoonosis)…
= what is it?
clinical signs? (5, ONE is SEVERE CASES)
what age pigs?
diagnosis?
treatment?

Answer 2

= pathogen that GETS INTO RBCs and causes host Abs to DESTROY RBCs

clinical signs?
1. Listlessness
2. Fever
3. Anorexia
4. Hemolytic anemia
5. Icterus (SEVERE cases)

age of pigs?
–> YOUNG PIGS

diagnosis?
–> SEE ORGANISM IN BLOOD SMEARS with Giemsa or DiffQuik stains

treatment?
–> TETRACYCLINES in individuals or WATER/FEED

Question 3

Haematopinus suis
what kind of organism is this?
2 clinical signs?
visible GROSSLY around… (4)
treatment? (hint: given 3 ways)
what treatment DOESN’T work?

Answer 3

HOG LOUSE (lice)

Clinical signs?
1. Pruritus
2. Anemia

VISIBLE UPON PE GROSSLY AROUND…
1. Neck
2. Jowl
3. Flank
4. Inside ear

Treatment?
1. TOPICAL, INJECTABLE or PREMIX with ACARICIDES like DORAMECTIN

IVERMECTIN WILL NOT WORK LONG ENOUGH FOR LICE

Question 4

Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis…
what disease is this?
how is it diagnosed?
what’s important about ADMINISTERING this medication?

Answer 4

MANGE
Diagnosis?
–> Skin scrapings

Treatment/control?
–> TOPICAL, INJECTABLE, or PREMIX ACARICIDES

FOLLOW LABEL INSTRUCTIONS ON ACARICIDES FOR MANGE OR LICE

Question 5

exudative epidermatitis
AKA “name?”
cause?
age of pigs affected?
clinical signs? (2)
treatment? (2)

Answer 5

AKA “GREASY PIG DISEASE”

Cause?
= Staphylococcus hycius getting into an OPEN WOUND ON SKIN

Age affected?
= PIGS LESS THAN 5 WEEKS OLD

Clinical signs?
1. RAPID ONSET of acute, exudative dermatitis
2. GREASY appearance, brownish flakes on skin

treatment?
1. USUALLY CHLORHEXIDINE-BASED DIPS on SKIN because HIGHER THERAPEUTIC LEVELS THAN SYSTEMIC drugs
2. BETA-LACTAMS for STAPH

Question 6

ID disease & organism

Answer 6

EXUDATIVE EPIDERMATITIS

STAPHYLOCOCCUS HYCIUS

Question 7

swine pox…
cause?
what kinds of pigs/signalment?
clinical signs? (3, include some timing/descriptors)
prognosis?
treatment?

Answer 7

cause?
= Caused by SWINE POX VIRUS that ENTERS SKIN due to ABRASIONS or LICE FEEDING

Signalment?
–> NAÏVE pigs

Clinical signs?
1. 1-3 mm red PAPULES
2. PUSTULES
3. CRUSTS forming over 3-4 weeks

Prognosis?
= NO MAJOR MORBIDITY/MORTALITY issues

Treatment?
= Control source of skin abrasions

Question 8

ID DISEASE

Answer 8

SWINE POX

Question 9

erysipelas…
causes? (2)
importance of PREVALENCE?
age of pigs?
what 2 species can ALSO be affected?
3 ACUTE clinical signs?
3 CHRONIC clinical signs?
diagnosis?
treatment/control? (2)

Answer 9

causes?
1. Caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
2. Transmitted when STRESSFUL EVENT occurs or TRAUMA to ORONASAL/BREAKS IN SKIN

PREVALENCE?
1. THIS ORGANISM IS PREVALENT ON ALL FARMS
2. 30-50% of pigs are CARRIERS

age?
= PIGS 3 MOS +

2 other species?
= SHEEP & TURKEYS CAN ALSO GET THIS DISEASE

ACUTE clinical signs?
1. **DIAMOND SKIN LESIONS called RHOMBOID URTICARIA
2. Septicemia
3. Petechial/ecchymotic hemorrhages

CHRONIC clinical signs?
1. ARTHRITIS/LAMENESS
2. Enlarged joints
3. Endocarditis

Diagnosis?
= CHARACTERISTIC SKIN LESION IN ACUTE CASES

Treatment/control?
1. Can treat individually/feed/water with tylosin or tetracycline
2. VACCINATE to ALL PIGS/AGES, TWICE A YEAR FOR ADULTS

Question 10

ID disease & TIMING
also name LESION

Answer 10

ERYSIPELAS, ACUTE

RHOMBOID URTICARIA

Question 11

porcine circavirus type 2
= what is it?
history?
what TYPE of disease is this? (+what 4 clinical signs we could see as a result)
3 clinical signs? (2 are syndromes)
pathogenesis?
diagnosis? (many things combined)
why is BLOOD/ELISA not helpful?
Control/prevention/treatment? (2)

Answer 11

= VIRAL disease that can cause UNPROTECTED PIGS TO DIE, but can provide INNATE IMMUNITY if pigs exposed EARLY

history?
= Strikes 2-4 weeks AFTER PLACEMENT INTO NURSERY or in GROW-FINISH production pigs

type of disease? = MULTISYSTEMIC DZ, affects MANY ORGANS
1. respiratory
2. GI
3. reproductive
4. skin

Clinical signs?
1. Sudden and progressive weight loss
2. PORCINE DERMATITIS & NEPHROPATHY Syndrome
3. POST-WEANING MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING Syndrome

Pathogenesis?
= LYMPHOID DEPLETION that IMPAIRS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, leads to susceptibility for other diseases

Diagnosis?
= CLINICAL SIGNS + HISTOPATH + IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY + PCV2 LESION PRESENCE

Why is taking a blood sample/ELISA NOT HELPFUL?
= PCV2 is UBIQUITOUS, so these aren’t good

Control/prevention/treatment?
1. COMMERCIAL VACCINES!!
2. IMPROVED MANAGEMENT = control secondary infections

Question 12

Porcine Dermatitis & Nephropathy Syndrome
= is a part of WHAT overarching disease?
3 clinical signs?

Answer 12

= CLINICAL SIGN of PCV2

3 clinical signs?
1. Necrotizing skin that’s RED-PURPLE colors, crusts then resolves

2. ENLARGED KIDNEYS w/ MULTIFOCAL AREAS OF NECROSIS
3. MAY SEE WEIGHT LOSS PRIOR TO KIDNEY NECROSIS

Question 13

ID clinical sign, syndrome & what OVERARCHING DISEASE

Answer 13

CLINICAL SIGN = NECROTIZING SKIN

SYNDOME = PORCINE DERMATITIS & NEPHROPATHY SYNDROME

DISEASE = PCV2

Question 14

Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome…
what overall dz?
2 clinical signs? (give reason for first)

Answer 14

OVERALL DZ = PCV2

2 clinical signs?
1. ENLARGED LNs due to LYMPHOCYTE DEPLETION
2. INCLUSION BODIES

Question 15

ID DZ?

what clinical signs is this?

Answer 15

PCV2

SUDDEN & PROGRESSIVE WEIGHT LOSS

Question 16

porcine circovirus 3/4 CLINICAL signs? (2)
1 is syndrome, 2nd has 4 subs

Answer 16

1. Porcine Dermatitis & Nephropathy Syndrome
2. Reproductive signs
   –> Stillborns/mummies
   –> Abortions
   –> Delayed return to estrus
   –> Small litter sizes

Question 17

classical swine fever…
AKA “what name?”
what kind of virus?
who is the NATURAL HOST of this disease?
prevalence in US?
when do we see clinical signs?
6 clinical signs?
when does MORTALITY occur?
2 necropsy findings?
2 possible sources? (+what is NOT applicable as a source)
diagnosis?

Answer 17

AKA HOG CHOLERA

= PESTIVIRUS

host?
= Pigs are the only NATURAL HOST of this disease

prevalence in US?
**SHOULD BE ERADICATED IN US! (and has been since the 70s)

when do we see clinical signs?
= Takes 10-20 days after infection to see CLINICAL SIGNS

Clinical sings?
1. HINDQUARTER PARESIS/PARALYSIS
2. Convulsions
3. Vomiting
4. Conjunctivitis
5. Hyperemia of the skin
6. Diarrhea or constipation

MORTALITY takes >1 WEEK FROM ONSET

Necropsy findings?
1. Multiple petechial/ecchymoses in kidneys
2. Spleen infarction

Sources?
1. can be potentially transmitted to PIGS from COWS WITH BVD spread via ORONASAL contact
2. CAN ORIGINATE FROM GARBAGE FEEDING WITH MEAT PRODUCTS!
–> Not applicable to vegetable or bakery waste

Diagnosis?
= BIOPSY TONSIL!!

Question 18

african swine fever…
has clinical signs similar to WHAT disease?
when does MORTALITY occur?
this is the ONLY PIG DZ that can…
2 clinical signs?

Answer 18

CLINICAL SIGNS LIKE CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER

MORTALITY occurs DAYS FROM ONSET

…ONLY PIG DZ that can INFECT SOFT TICKS

Clinical signs?
1. SKIN & KIDNEY LESIONS
2. HEMORRHAGIC fever

Question 19

swine vesicular dz…
what type of virus?
transmission? (2)
clinical signs? (only 1 but has 4 subs)
signs are similar to WHAT disease?
control?

Answer 19

= PICORNAVIRUS

transmission?
1. HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
2. Spread via SECRETIONS

clinical signs?
1. VESICLES & EROSIONS on..
–> Feet
–> Snouts
–> Mouth
–> TEATS

SIGNS ARE SIMILAR TO FOOT-AND-MOUTH

control?
= REGULATE IMPORTATION OF PIGS & PIG PRODUCTS

Question 20

foot-and-mouth disease…
what type of virus?
4 clinical signs?
transmission? (3, include range)
reporting?

Answer 20

PICORNAVIRUS

Clinical signs?
1. ULCERATIONS & LESIONS on feet & in mouth
2. VESICLES on feet, snout & mouth
3. LAMENESS if lesions on feet
4. Slobbering/chomping

transmission?
1. Can be EASILY TRANSMITTED WITHIN 30 MILES via AEROSOL
2. HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
3. Can affect MULTIPLE SPECIES –> cloven-footed animals

Reporting?
= IF YOU SEE LESIONS, CALL STATE AND FEDERAL VET

Question 21

3 VESICULAR diseases in pigs?
what are they all? what does this mean?

Answer 21

diseases?
1. FOOT-AND-MOUTH disease
2. SWINE VESICULAR disease
3. SENECAVIRUS A/SENECA VALLEY VIRUS

THEY’RE ALL PICORNAVIRUSES, so they have SIMILAR CLINICAL SIGNS

Question 22

ID 2 possible diseases

Answer 22

1. FOOT-AND-MOUTH disease
2. SWINE VESICULAR disease
3. SENECAVIRUS A/SENECA VALLEY VIRUS

Question 23

senecavirus A…
what type of virus?
history?
clinical signs in PIGLETS? (4)
clinical sign in ADULTS? (1)
diagnosis? (based on a clinical sign)
control/reporting? (2)

Answer 23

= PICORNAVIRUS

History?
= ACUTE INCREASE IN PRE-WEANING MORTALITY (2-3 fold) within 1-3 weeks

Clinical signs in PIGLETS?
1. Lethargic
2. Off feed
3. Sudden death
4. NO LESIONS SEEN BC PIGLETS DIE SO FAST

Clinical signs in ADULTS?
1. FRESH OR HEALING ULCERATIVE LESIONS

Diagnosis?
= ULCERATIVE LESIONS ON FEET/SNOUT

Control/reporting?
1. HALT ANY ANIMAL MOVEMENT ON FARM
2. REPORT!!