Digestion & Metabolism 2: LA Peritoneal Dz Flashcards
clinical signs of peritoneal can be WHAT?
what are 3 common clinical signs?
VARIABLE, can look very different always
3 common?
1. GENERALIZED DULLNESS
2. GENERALIZED DEPRESSION
3. SECONDARY ILEUS
4 diagnostics for PERITONEAL dz?
which one is MOST IMPORTANT for diagnosis?
- PE/HISTORY
- HEMATOLOGY for signs of INFECTION, INFLAMMATION
- US of ABDOMEN for PERITONEAL FLUID
- ABDOMINOCENTESIS & SAMPLING –> MOST IMPORTANT FOR DIAGNOSIS OF PERITONEAL DZ
ABDOMINOCENTESIS..
what COLOR & CELL COUNT is normal?
what cells can NORMALLY be found in here? (2)
normal?
COLOR = CLEAR YELLOW
CELL COUNT = <5,000 cells/uL
a FEW LEUKOCYTES & MESOTHELIAL CELLS can be found
describe abdominal fluid color
NORMAL PERITONEAL FLUID, CLEAR YELLOW
what do MESOTHELIAL CELLS do?
what if we see A LOT of them upon ABDOMINOCENTESIS?
they MAKE UP THE PERITONEAL LINING
if TOO MANY = REACTIVE, potential inflammation
are PLANT MATERIAL, NEUTROPHILS or LYMPHOCYTES normal in peritoneal fluid?
NO
Dx what kind of peritonitis this is & what we can see!
SEPTIC PERITONITIS
can see EXTRA- and INTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
Dx what kind of peritonitis this is & what we can see!
SEPTIC PERITONITIS with REACTIVE MESOTHELIAL CELLS & WBCs
Dx what kind of peritonitis this is & what we can see in TOP & BOTTOM box?
this is ENTEROCENTESIS (from GI)
in TOP = PROTOZOA, indicates LEAKAGE FROM LI/COLON
in BOTTOM = MIXED BACTERIA
found in PERITONEAL FLUID, what is this? is it normal?
PLANT MATERIAL & NO
Dx what kind of peritonitis this is & what we can see! (see 2 things)
do we see any bacteria?
PANCREATITIS or BILE PERITONITIS
we can see…
1. can see REACTIVE but NON-DEGENERATE NEUTROPHILS & MACROPHAGES
2. LIPID VACUOLES consistent with FAT NECROSIS or CHYLE
NO BACTERIA
what is the MOST COMMON DISEASE OF THE PERITONEAL CAVITY IN LA?
BACTERIAL PERITONITIS
BACTERIAL PERITONITIS…
PRIMARY = ?
SECONDARY usually from…
& what do we see on CULTURE?
how is DIAGNOSIS CONFIRMED? does this rule out peritonitis?
PRIMARY = IDIOPATHIC
SECONDARY = CONTAMINATION OF PERITONEAL CAVITY FROM ANOTHER SOURCE (GI, REPRODUCTIVE, URINARY TRACT)
on culture, can see 1 or 2 PREDOMINATING bacteria
diagnosis CONFIRMED = >20,000 cells/uL, but DOES NOT RULE OUT PERITONITIS IF NOT
PRIMARY peritonitis occurs mainly in what 2 species?
HORSES & ALPACAS
PRIMARY peritonitis…
occurs in WHAT 2 SPECIES?
caused by WHAT organism in horses?
present with what 4 clinical signs?
see WHAT on US?
see WHAT on cytology?
what 3 CBC findings?
tx?
HORSES & ALPACAS
caused by ACTINOBACILLUS EQUUILLI most commonly
present with..
1. FEVER
2. ANOREXIA
3. DULL MENTATION
4. MILD COLIC
see INCREASED PERITONEAL FLUID ON US
3 CBC?
1. LEUKOCYTOSIS
2. HYPERFIBRINOGENEMIA
3. ELEVATED TS
tx = ANTIMICROBIALS
