Introduction to Endocrine Systems Flashcards
why can some diseases look different depending on the patient
the time in the patients life when it manifests as well as the patients own response can impact how the disease appears phenotypically. eg childhood versus adulthood manifestation
what is diastema
gaps between the teeth
breakdown the key steps of endocrine secretion
chemical secreted at low concentrations into the bloodstream by a cell or a group of cells
it is sent to all parts of the body via the bloodstream
it only acts on cells with the correct membrane receptor protein that targets cells
what are the key features of an endocrine secretion
it acts on many places at the same time
it is affected by the strength of circulation
stopping hormonal response requires removal of the hormone from circulation
what is the concentration unit of hormones
femtomoles
describe humoral communication
communication by hormones on many different cells in the body
coordinated, body wide actions
it is slow to act and the effect persists
what are the two main classifications of hormoens
steroids and non steroids
what are the non steroid hormone sub categories
amino acid derivatives
peptides
glycoproteins
which kind of hormone can enter the cell and why
steroid hormones as they have a lipophilic ring that can penetrate the membrane
what are the steroid hormones
cortisol
aldosterone
testosterone
oestrogen
progesterone
what are the amino acid derivatives
amines and iodinated amino acids
describe some hormones that are amines
adrenaline
noradrenaline
melatonin
describe some hormones that are iodinated amino acids
triiodothyronine
tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine)
what are the two classifications for peptide non steroid hormones
short chain and long chain
what are the short chain peptide hormones
antidiuretic hormone
oxytocin
melanocyte stimulating hormone
somatostatin
thyrotropin releasing hormone
gonadotropin releasing hormone
atrial natriuretic hormone