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BDS2.5 Applied Biomedical Sciences > Nutrition 4 - Vitamins > Flashcards

Nutrition 4 - Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are micronutrients?

A

Essential vitamins
Minerals and trace element

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2
Q

Are micronutrients a source of energy?

A

No

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3
Q

what is the role of micronutrients?

A

Involved in the metabolic reactions that provide the energy. It don’t directly supply body with nutrients

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4
Q

Are vitamins essential?

A

Yes, need to be consumed in the diet

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5
Q

What are the 2 classifications of vitamins?

A

Fat or water soluble

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6
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A
D
E
K

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7
Q

What are the 2 natural forms of vitamin A?

A

Retinol and 3-denydroretinol

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8
Q

What is the effect of too much vitamin A?

A

Joint or bone pain, hair loss anorexia, liver damage

Pregnancy, spontaneous abortion or foetal abnormalities

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9
Q

What is the effect of vitamin A deficiency in the mouth?

A

Dry mouth

mucous cells become keratin cells

night blindness

changes in bone, cartilage and teeth

infertility in males

still births

changes in taste buds (reduced ability to taste)

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10
Q

Where is vitamin D stored?

A

Liver and under skin

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11
Q

What is the role of vitamin D?

A

Regulation of calcium turnover

Teeth

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12
Q

What is the role of vitamin E?

A

Major chain breaking lipid soluble antioxidant in membranes also essential for normal immune function

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13
Q

What is the role of vitamin K?

A

procoagulant

Enhances osteocalcin function, so strengthens bones

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14
Q

What is the role of B12?

A

Recycling of folate coenzymes

Also required for myelination

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15
Q

What are the water soluble vitamin?

A

C

B1,2,12

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16
Q

What are examples of food that supply vitamin A?

A

liver, milk, butter, cheese, egg yolk, fatty fish

margarine enriched

carrots

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17
Q

What is xerophthalmia?

A

dry eyes

18
Q

What does vitamin K deficiency result in?

A

bleeding disorders (low plasma prothrombin activity

19
Q

What the effects of B1 deficiency?

A

acute: cardiac effect

chronic: neural defects

muscle pain

deafness

loss of taste

20
Q

What demographic are more likely to have a B1 deficiency?

A

alcoholism

21
Q

What is B2 involved in?

A

oxidative processes

  • glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation
22
Q

What does B2 deficiency result in?

A

various lesions; dermatitis, oral sores, corneal damage

23
Q

What are reasons why people can be B12 deficient?

A

it is found in most animal products - vegans/vegetarians can be deficient

or due to failure of an intrinsic factor secretion leading to pernicious anaemia

24
Q

What is the effect of B12 deficiency?

A

deficiency may cause irreversible neurological damage

25
Q

How do folate deficiencies show?

A

result in impaired cell division and altered protein synthesis

typical symptom: megaloblastic anaemia

affects rapidly regenerating tissues: foetal malformations

neural tube defects

26
Q

How can you inject folate?

A

liver

yeast

green leafy vegetables

27
Q

What does a vitamin D deficiency result in?

A

rickets

stress fractures

28
Q

What is a disease associated with vitamin C deficiency?

A

scurvy

29
Q

What is the function of vitamin C?

A

wound healing

non-haem iron absorption

antioxidant

collagen, catecholamine and carnitine synthesis

30
Q

How can biotin deficiency appear?

A

swollen tongue

31
Q

What are symptoms of scurvy?

A

loose teeth

problems in wound healing

32
Q

What is vit A required for?

A

growth, normal development and differentiation of tissues and immune function

33
Q

What can lack of vit D cause?

A

rickets

stress fractures

34
Q

When can vitamin D be toxic?

A

high levels of calcium

hypercalcaemia

thirst

anorexia

soft tissue calcification

renal

cardiovascular damage

35
Q

What is a benefit of vit E and its antioxidant function?

A

suggested to… reduced risk of ischaemic heart disease and cancer

36
Q

Role of vitamin k?

A

pro-coagulant

enhance osteocalcin function = strengthens bones

37
Q

What vitamin is thiamin?

A

vit B1

38
Q

What vitamin is riboflavin?

A

B12

39
Q

Name for B12?

A

CYANOCABALAMIN

40
Q
A

BDS2.5 Applied Biomedical Sciences (48 decks)

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