Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS2.5 Applied Biomedical Sciences > Pathology of wound healing > Flashcards

Pathology of wound healing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 categories of wound healing?

A

regeneration

repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is required for tissue regeneration to occur?

A

tissue requires ongoing mitotic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is repair aspect of wound healing?

A

replaces damaged cells with fibrous connective tissue

leaves permanent scar

occurs in non-mitotic tissue and with more severe injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of repair occurs if the injury is extreme?

A

fibrous repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 2 structural components are tissues and organs divided into?

A

parenchymal tissue

stromal regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are parenchymal cells of tissues and organs?

A

functional cells of the organ

highly specialised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the stromal regions of tissues and organs

A

support tissue

connective tissue, ECM, blood vessles, nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are examples of parenchymal tissues?

A

hepatocytes, kidney, tubular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is regeneration?

A

injured cells replaced by identical new cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is repair?

A

damaged cells replaced by stromal/fibrous scar tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 categories of tissue according to cell types?

A
  1. labile cells
  2. stable cells
  3. fixed cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can dictate if regeneration or repair will occur?

A

mitotic activity of teh cell/tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are labile cells?

A

continuous division

continuously divide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where would you find labile cells?

A

surface epithelium (skin, oral cavity, GI tract, uterus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When does division of stable cells stop?

A

when growth is complete

still gave potential for division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are examples f stable cells?

A

hepatocytes

kidney tubular cells

smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are mitotic cells capable of mitotic diivision?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are damaged fixed cells replaced by?

A

fibrous scar tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Are wound healings by regeneration and fibrous tissue repair controlled by similar regulatory mechanisms?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does would healing by regeneration And repair involve?

A

inflammatory mediators

growth factors

ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What WBC release inflammatory mediators?

A

monocytes

macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are examples of inflammatory mediators?

A

TNF-a
interleukins
interferons
arachnoid acid
leukotrienes
prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What isthe effect of inflammatory mediators?

A

blood clotting (initial vasodilation)

immune cell infiltration (delayed vasodilation)

phagocytosis of debris and bacteria

new cell growth/fibroblast infiltration

angiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What cells release growthfactors?

A

fibroblasts and macrophaes and endothelial cells

neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are examples of growth factors?

A

FGF
EGF
TGF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the effect of growth factors?

A

inflammatory response (cross-talk)

chemotaxis

proliferation and differentiation

generation of ECM

angiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the overall goal of growth factors?

A

moves process onwards to regeneration/repair damaged region

mature scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do endothelial cells, immune cells, fibroblasts secrete?

A

ECM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the different types of ECM?

A

collagen and elastin

proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid

fibronectin and laminin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the fibrous/structural proteins (ECM)?

A

COLLAGEN AND ELASTON

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the role of collagen and elastin ECM?

A

Scaffolding of ECM, provides framework and tensile strength

32
Q

What is the water-hydrated gels (ECM)

A

proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid

33
Q

What is the role of proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid in the ECM?

A

provides lubrication, resilience and flexibility

34
Q

What are the adhesive glycoproteins (ECM)?

A

Fibronectin and laminin

35
Q

What is the role of fibronectin and laminin in the ECM?

A

Provide cohesion between matrix components and cells

36
Q

What are the 2 forms of ECM?

A

BASEMENT membrane

Interstitial matrix

37
Q

What is the most common type pf ECM?

A

interstitial matrix

38
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

ECM ‘sheet’ that epithelial, endothelial and smooth muscle cells lie on

physical/chemical barrier, structural support, strength

39
Q

Where is the interstitial tissue found?

A

found between cells within a tissue

40
Q

Where is the interstitial matrix sparse?

A

nerves

41
Q

Where is the interstitial matrix dense/abundant?

A

bone/cartilage

42
Q

What is the role of the interstitial matrix?

A

provides adherence, structure - ‘glue’ holding cells together

protects against tissue compression

43
Q

What does the ECM help regulate?

A

proliferation, differentiation, movement

44
Q

What is the primary objective of wound healing?

A

fill the area of destroyed tissue

45
Q

Is regeneration limited?

A

yes, can often form scar tissue

46
Q

What are the 3 phases of wound healing?

A

inflammatory phase

proliferative

remodelling

47
Q

What stage of wound healing is platelet activation occur?

A

first stage - inflammatory phase

clot

48
Q

How log does the inflammatory phase last?

A

0-48hr

49
Q

What WBC clear oput wound?

A

phagocytes and neutrophils

ingest debris and fibrin

50
Q

What else do macrophages do in inflammatory phase?

A

stimulate angiogenesis

secrete growth factors that attract other cells

51
Q

When does the proliferative phase occur?

A

48-3 weeks

52
Q

What stage of wound healing do fibroblasts playa role?

A

proliferative phase (phase 2)

53
Q

what recruits fibroblasts?

A

macrophages

54
Q

What is the effect of fibroblasts secreting GF at wound?

A

angiogenesis

further fibroblast recruitment/ECM production

55
Q

What is the pre-cursor to scar tissue?

A

granulation tissue

56
Q

What phase of wound healing does granulation tissue form?

A

phase 2

proliferation phase

57
Q

Describe granulation tissue?

A

moist, red connective tissue

58
Q

What 2 processes are in involved in granulation tissue formation?

A

angiogenesis

fibrogenesis

59
Q

What phase is inflammation no longer apparent?

A

late proliferative phase

phase 2

(few macrophages, no oedema)

60
Q

When does late proliferative phase occur?

A

3 weeks

61
Q

What cells persist at late proliferative phase?

A

fibroblasts

62
Q

What are fibroblasts secreting in LPP?

A

collagen

strengthens ECM

63
Q

What happens to granulation tissue in late proliferative phase?

A

migrates upward, leaving fibrous scar behind

less angiogenesis, vasculature degenerates, scar largely avascular

64
Q

What is epithelialization?

A

upper epithelial layer proliferates

uses granulation tissue as matrix

seals wound with new epithelium

65
Q

when does remodelling phase occur?

A

3-6 weeks

66
Q

in remodelling phase, what do the fibroblasts secrete?

A

collagenase

67
Q

what is the role of collagenase secreted by the fibroblasts?

A

break down collagen fibres

but not collapse the scaffold

remodel scar and shrink scar

68
Q

in the remodelling phase, how does the scar shrink inwards?

A

myofibroblasts

contractile fibroblasts

helps remodelling

shrinks visible area

69
Q

does the mature scar tissue have more of less collagen?

A

more

70
Q

How long can the remodelling phase last?

A

up to 6 months

71
Q

What has more ECM, repair or regeneration?

A

repair has more

72
Q

What does regeneration have a higher emphasis on?

A

division of regenerating cells

73
Q

What factors are required for wound healing?

A

nutrition

O2 and blood flow

immune and inflammatory function

74
Q

What are factor which disrupt wound healing?

A

infection

separation (large loss of ECM)

foreign bodies

75
Q

What are the 2 types of injury

A

primary and secondary intention

76
Q

What controls proliferative phase?

A

growth factors

77
Q

What is remodelling phase controlled by?

A

ECM

BDS2.5 Applied Biomedical Sciences (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions