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bds2.5 applied biomedical sciences > Overview Of The Immune System > Flashcards

Overview Of The Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What are type of pathogens?

A

Bacteria
Protozoa
Viruses
Fungi
Virus
Parasite
Protein

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2
Q

What is an antigen?

A

Any substance capable of triggering an immune response

Non-self protein on pathogen

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3
Q

What are the characteristic shapes of individual antigens called?

A

Epitopes

=protrudes from its surface

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4
Q

Are some epitopes more effective than others are stimulating immune response?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What are the physical barriers?

A

Skin

Reproductory

Respiratory tracts

Digestive tracts

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6
Q

What systems does the mucous membrane line?

A

Digestive

Reproductory

Respiratory

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7
Q

What is the role of the mucous membrane?

A

Prevent attachment of many pathogens

Sticky, traps pathogens and shed off

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8
Q

What does the mucous contain?

A

Antimicrobial enzymes

Enzyme inhibitors

Lysis

immunoglobulins

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9
Q

Why do we not attack self-antigens?

A

Self-tolerance

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10
Q

Describe innate immune system?

A

Non-specific

First to come into play

Will produce the same response time and again - no memory

This is the immunity when you are born

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11
Q

Describe the adaptive immune system?

A

Highly specific

Immunological memory

Antibody production

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12
Q

When does the innate response kick in?

A

Hours

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13
Q

When does the adaptive immune response kick in?

A

Days

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14
Q

What are the cells of the immune system?

A

Phagocytic cells

Cells releasing inflammatory mediators

NKC

Molecules

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15
Q

What are phagocytic cells?

A

Leukocytes …Neutrophils Eosinophils
Monocytes

Macrophages

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16
Q

What are the leukocytes?

A

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Monocytes

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17
Q

Where are macrophages?

A

In tissue

18
Q

What cells release inflammatory mediators?

A

In tissue= Macrophages And Mast cells

Leukocytes (basophils and eosinophils)

19
Q

What are non-specific humoral factors?

A

Soluble substances = growth inhibitors, enzyme inhibitors, lysins

20
Q

Where are the non-specific humoral factors?

A

Body fluids (and mucous)

21
Q

What is the role of growth inhibitors?

A

Deprive micro-organisms of nutrients essential for their growth

Interfere with metabolism

Include transferin and interferon

Temperature dependent

22
Q

What is transferrin and interferon?

A

Transferin (bacteriacidal activity - binds iron)

Interferon (antiviral activity)

23
Q

What can activate the complement system?

A

Classical

Alternative

Lectin

24
Q

What is the role of complement?

A

Edibles the gap between adaptive and innate immunity

25
Q

What is the end result of the complement pathway?

A

MAC montane attack complex

Opsonisation

26
Q

How many proteins are involved in the complement system?

A

Over 20

27
Q

What is an example of a lysin?

A

Lysozyme

28
Q

What does lysozyme act upon?

A

Peptidoglycans (protein and carbohydrate)

29
Q

What does MAC do?

A

Create a pore on the pathogen membrane

30
Q

What cell does opsonisation attract?

A

Macrophages

31
Q

What protein is key in the CS?

A

C3

32
Q

What 2 smaller fragments does C3 get clipped to?

A

C3a C3b

33
Q

What is smaller and what is larger, C3a or C3b?

A

C3a is smaller

C3b is larger

34
Q

What does the a,ternative pathway form?

A

C5 convertase

35
Q

What is involved in the classical pathway?

A

C1 binding to Ab

36
Q

What CS is shown?

A

Classical pathway

37
Q

How does the lectin pathway work?

A

Pathogens have lectin on surface (host cells do not)

MBL cells bind and activate complement

38
Q

What is the central event in complement activation?

A

Proteolysis of complement protein C3

39
Q

When is MAC fully activated?

A

When final protein C9 is bound

40
Q

What can chemktractans contribute to?

A

Anaphylactic shock

41
Q

What are the functions of complement?

A

bds2.5 applied biomedical sciences (48 decks)

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