Motor control - ventral

Question 1

What does the vestibulospinal tract do?

Answer 1

stabilize head and neck

Question 2

What does the tectospinal tracts do?

Answer 2

ensures eyes remain stable as body moves

Question 3

Where do the pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts originate?

Answer 3

brain stem

Question 4

What do the pontine and medullar reticulospinal tracts allow?

Answer 4

reflex maintain balance and body position

Question 5

What do voluntary movements require?

Answer 5

inputs from motor cortex through latera; pathways

Question 6

What does the motor cortex motoneurones directly free by communicating with the ventromedial pathways?

Answer 6

frees them form reflex control

Question 7

What do the ventromedial pathways free?

Answer 7

frees spinal motorneurones from reflex control

Question 8

If you are going to plan a movements, what do we need to know?

Answer 8

where is the body in space - somatosensory receptors

where it wants to go

select a plan to get there

Question 9

What is the term for the sensory cortex?

Answer 9

S1

Question 10

What is the term for the parietal cortex?

Answer 10

area 5 and 7

Question 11

What is planning and instructing voluntary movement?

Answer 11

cortical areas

Question 12

What did penfield study?

Answer 12

what sensory loss would occur of we made lesions in different parts of the brain

Question 13

Describe the organisation of the precentral gyrus?

Answer 13

somatotopic organisation of precentral gyrus - same on condralateral side

Question 14

What area is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 14

area 4

Question 15

Where does all of the info about mental image of the body in space go to?

Answer 15

the somatosensory, propriocepive and visual inputs to posterior parietal cortex (areas 5 and 7)

Question 16

What happens if there is a lesion to areas 5 and 7?

Answer 16

often have bizarre body images and may neglect or ignore one side of their body

Question 17

Where are decisions made about what you want to do (actions you want to take and their outcome)?

Answer 17

prefrontal and parietal cortex

Question 18

Where do axons from the prefrontal and parietal cortex converge?

Answer 18

area 6

Question 19

What happens in area 6?

Answer 19

this is the junction where signals encoding what actions are desired are converted into how the actions will be carried out

processing action

Question 20

Where does info from area 6 go to?

Answer 20

area 4

Question 21

What happens in area 4 and 6?

Answer 21

area 6 = makes up you mind for you

area 4 = doing the action

Question 22

How does area 4 do the action?

Answer 22

by activating neurones of CST and RST

Question 23

When someone is trained to to an action, where is blood flow increased?

Answer 23

to the sensory (somatosensoiry and posterior parietal areas) and prefrontal cortex and areas 4 and 6 (motor)

Question 24

Where are the PMA?

Answer 24

pre motor area - these are the thought process before movement

Question 25

What are mirror movements?

Answer 25

these fire when self or others perform specific actions.

E.G. if you see someone pick something up your area 6 neurones fire even through you are not picking the thing up

neurones in area 6 (PMA) fire when you see the same thing being done by someone else

Question 26

What do the mirror neurones allow?

Answer 26

they give an understanding of the actions/goals/intentions of others

underpin emotions and empathy

Question 27

What neurones may be dysfunctional in autism?

Answer 27

mirror neurones