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BDS2.5 Applied Biomedical Sciences > Renal System 1 > Flashcards

Renal System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What do kidneys do?

A

Process the plasma portion of blood by removing substances from it, and in a few cases, by adding substances to it

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2
Q

Can the renal system have effects on other organs?

A

Yes e.g. cardiovascular

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

If someone is constantly having fractures, oral thrush, osteoporosis etc. what can this indicate?

A

Reno disease

Glusocse regulation issue s

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5
Q

Why do the kidneys have a thick outer coating?

A

Need to control pressure in kidneys

Filtration occurs here and want to squeeze fluid out of

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6
Q

Are the kidney cells energy hungry?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What is the primary role of the kidneys?

A

Regulation of H2O and inorganic ion balance: regulation of ECF volume and composition

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8
Q

What ions are the most ions the kidneys regulate?

A

Na
K
Ca
Mg
Cl
HCO3
H
Phosphates and sulphate

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9
Q

What do the kidneys want to filter out of the ECF?

A

Products in high conc or waste products

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10
Q

What is another function of the kidneys? (Secondary function)

A

Removal of metabolic waste products from the blood and their excretion in urine

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11
Q

What are examples of metabolic waste products?

A

Urea from protein breakdown

Uric acid

Creatine

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12
Q

What happens if metabolic waste product build up?

A

Renal disease

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13
Q

What else can the kidneys remove from blood?

A

Food additives, drugs, pesticides

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14
Q

Gluconeogenesis?

A

Synthesis of glucose form amino acids

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15
Q

Are the kidneys involved in the endocrine function?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What hormone is released from the kidneys?

A

Erthyopoetin

17
Q

What does erthyropoetin do?

A

Enhances erythrocytes production during hypoxia by acting on bone marrow

18
Q

What disease is related to erthrypoetin?

A

Anaemia

19
Q

What enzyme is released by the kidneys?

A

Renin

20
Q

What is the role of renin?

A

An enzyme that controls formation of angiotensin and influences BP and na2+ balance

21
Q

What controls Ca balance in the kidneys?

A

Calcitriol

22
Q

What are the 2 parts of the kidney?

A

Outer granular cortex and inner striated medulla

23
Q

What is the nephron?

A

Basic unit of the kidney

24
Q

How many nephrons in a kidney?

A

2.5 million

25
Q

What are the 2 functional components of the kidney?

A

Tubular and a vascular complement

26
Q

What does the mechanism of the kidney depend upon?

A

Relationship between the vascular and tubular components

27
Q

Can the nephron adapt?

A

Yes, internal environment balanced and we are gealthy

28
Q

When the tube is thicker, why is this?

A

Cells are moser active, more absorption and secretion

29
Q
A
30
Q

What delivers blood to the glomeruslus?

A

Afferent arteriole

31
Q

Is all your blood filtered?

A

Not all only some

32
Q

What blood vessel leaves the blood?

A

Efferent arteriole

33
Q

What happens in the bowman’s capsule?

A

It captures the filtrate and goes down the proximal tubule

34
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

Closely associates with the bowmans capsule

It is a ball of capillaries

35
Q

What is the structure of the proximal tubule?

A

Epithelial cells are wide and contain many mitochondria

Surface area is greatly increased by numerous projections (microvilli) known as the luminal surface, forming a brush border

36
Q

What happens if you have even more and longer loops of henle?

A

Better at storing water

E.g. in a desert

effect conc of urine

  • juxtamedullary nephron
37
Q

What are the cells like in the descending limb of henle?

A

Epithelial cells are flattened and thin, with few mitochondria

38
Q

Is the ascending limb of henle thick or thin?

A

Thick

Numerous mitochondria

BDS2.5 Applied Biomedical Sciences (48 decks)

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