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BDS2.5 Applied Biomedical Sciences > Acute Inflammation > Flashcards

Acute Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is acute inflammation?

A

The immediate and early response to injury

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2
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Loss of function

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3
Q

Is acute inflammation mainly adaptive of innate immunity?

A

Innate

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4
Q

What is acute inflammation designed to deliver?

A

Leukocytes (neutrophils)

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5
Q

What initiates the acute inflammation?

A

(Cell damage)
Physical damage
Irritant
Infection
Immune (allergy/hayfever)
Tissue necrosis

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6
Q

Is acute inflammation chemically of physically initiated?

A

Chemically

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7
Q

What is the effects of mediators?

A

Vasodilation
Chemotaxis
Increased permeability
Neutrophils adhesion
Itch and pain

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8
Q

What is the first event which happens in the vasculature?

A

They constrict transiently then dilate to become more permeable

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9
Q
A

A = plasma
B = erythrocytes
C = WBC (neutrophils)

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10
Q

What is exudate?

A

Movement of protein rich fluid

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11
Q

What increases transocytosis?

A

EGF exposure

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12
Q

Flow in inflammation

A

A = plasma
B = erythrocytes
C = WBC

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13
Q

What are the steps in the extravasation of leukocytes?

A
  1. Margin action and rolling
  2. Adhesion and transmission
  3. Migration and interstitial tissue
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14
Q

How do neutrophils stick to endothelial cells?

A

Selectins

E,L,P

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15
Q

What allows firm adhesion of neutrophils to ednsothelial cells?

A

ICAM and VCAM

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16
Q

What is ICAM1?

A

Immunoglobulin superfamily

17
Q

What does ICAM bind?

A

Intergrins on neutrophils

High affinity binding

18
Q

What is the movement of neutrophils through the endothelial cells?

A

Diapedesis

19
Q

What causes the focal degradation of basement membrane?

A

Collagenases

20
Q

What do prostaglandins and kinins do?

A

Increase pain

21
Q

What is the effect of cyclo-oxygenase?

A

Increase prostaglandins and increase pain levels

22
Q

What painkiller is not good at sites if inflammation?

A

Paracetamol

23
Q

What pathway does laracetamol inhibit?

A

Sodium channels

Also inhibit cyclo-oxygenase pathway

24
Q

Difference between opioids and opiates?

A

Opioids are natural

Opiates are synthetic

25
Q

What do NSAIDs inhibit?

A

Reduce prostaglandin level

Reduction in inflammation (chemotaxis)

Prostaglandins associated sensitise nerves (decrease nerve pain)

26
Q

Do opioids/opiates alter inflammatory process directly?

A

No

27
Q

What to phagocytes granules contain?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

Enzymes (proteases)

28
Q

What causes swelling of the tissue?

A

Plasma moving into tissue

29
Q

What is the role of plasma proteins in inflammation?

A

Fibrinogen - coagulation factor - forms fibrin and clots exudate - localises inflammatory process

Immunoglobulins in plasma specific for antigen - humoral response

BDS2.5 Applied Biomedical Sciences (48 decks)

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