15.2 Schizophrenia

Question 0

In 1911, Eugene Bleuler introduced the term ____.

Answer 0

schizophrenia

Question 1

Schizophrenia was originally called dementia praecox, which is Latin for “____ ____ ____”.

Answer 1

premature mental deterioration

Question 2

Although the term is Greek for “split mind”, it is not related to ____ ____ ____ (previously known as multiple personality disorder), in which someone alternates among different personalities.

Answer 2

disassociative identity disorder

Question 3

What Bleuler meant by schizophrenia was a split between the ____ and ____ aspects of experience: the persons emotional expression or lack of it seems unconnected with current experiences.

Answer 3

emotional and intellectual

Question 4

_____ of schizophrenia is difficult. In most areas of medicine, a physician can confirm a diagnosis with a lab test of some sort. Psychiatry has no dependable lab tests.

Answer 4

Diagnosis

Question 5

According to the DSM-IV, to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, someone must have deteriorated in everyday functioning (work, interpersonal relationships, self-care, etc.) for at least ____ ____, and must show at least two of the following, that are not attributable to other disorders.

Answer 5

six months

Question 6

_____ – unjustifiable beliefs, such as “beings from outer space are controlling my actions”.

Answer 6

Delusions

Question 7

____ – false sensory experiences, such as hearing voices when alone.

Answer 7

Hallucinations

Question 8

____ ____ – rambling or incoherent speech.

Answer 8

Disorganised speech

Question 9

Grossly ____ behaviour.

Answer 9

disorganised

Question 10

Weak or absent signs of ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 10

emotion, speech, and socialisation

Question 11

The first four items on the list – delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, and disorganised behaviour – are called ____ ____ (behaviours that are present that should be absent).

Answer 11

positive symptoms

Question 12

Weak or absent emotion, speech, and socialisation are ____ ____ (behaviours that are absent that should be present). Negative symptoms are usually stable overtime and difficult to treat.

Answer 12

negative symptoms

Question 13

The ____ symptoms are limitations of thought and reasoning that are common in schizophrenia, even if they are not central to the diagnosis.

Answer 13

cognitive

Question 14

The most typical type of thought disorder of schizophrenia is a difficulty understanding and using ____ ____. Related symptoms include deficits in attention and working memory.

Answer 14

abstract concepts

Question 15

The main problem is disordered thoughts that result from ____ ____ between the cortex and the thalamus and cerebellum. The disordered thinking may lead to the hallucinations, delusions, and other symptoms.

Answer 15

abnormal interactions

Question 16

Even if someone’s symptoms match the description of schizophrenia perfectly, it is important to make a ____ ____ – that is, one that rules out other conditions with similar symptoms.

Answer 16

differential diagnosis

Question 17

____ ____ with psychotic features: people with depression frequently have delusions, especially delusions of guilt or failure. Some report hallucinations also.

Answer 17

Mood disorder

Question 18

____ ____: many of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia can develop from prolonged use of amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, LSD, or phencyclidine (Angel dust).

Answer 18

Substance-abuse

Question 19

____ ____: damage or tumours in the temporal or prefrontal cortex often produce some of the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answer 19

Brain damage

Question 20

____ ____ ____: sometimes, someone who is starting to have trouble hearing things that everyone else is whispering and starts to worry. Delusions can develop.

Answer 20

Undetected hearing defects

Question 21

____ ____: the symptoms of Huntington’s disease include hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking, as well as motor symptoms.

Answer 21

Huntington’s disease

Question 22

____ ____: Niacin deficiency can produce hallucinations and delusions, and so can a deficiency in vitamin C or an allergy to milk proteins.

Answer 22

Nutritional abnormalities

Question 23

Worldwide, about ___________ suffer from schizophrenia at some point in life.

Answer 23

1% of people

Question 24

Schizophrenia occurs in all ____ ____ in all parts of the world. However, it is significantly more common in cities than in rural areas.

Answer 24

ethnic groups