2.1 Cells Of The Nervous System

Question 0

____ receive information and transmit it to other cells.

Answer 0

Neurons

Question 1

The nervous system consists of two kinds of cells: ____ and ____.

Answer 1

neurons and glia

Question 2

Neurons have much in common with the rest of the body’s sells. The surface of the cell is its ____ (or plasma membrane), a structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment.

Answer 2

membrane

Question 3

The membrane is composed of two layers of ___ ____ that are free to flow around one another.

Answer 3

fat molecules

Question 4

Except for mammalian red blood cells, all animal cells have a ____, the structure that contains the chromosomes.

Answer 4

nucleus

Question 5

A ____ is the structure that performs metabolic activities, providing the energy that the cell requires for all other activities.

Answer 5

mitochondrion

Question 6

Mitochondria require ____ and ____ to function.

Answer 6

fuel and oxygen

Question 7

____ are the sites at which the cell synthesises new protein molecules.

Answer 7

Ribosomes

Question 8

Proteins provide ____ ____ for the cell and facilitate various chemical reactions.

Answer 8

building materials

Question 9

Some ribosomes float freely within the cell. Others are attached to the ____ ____, a network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesised proteins to other locations.

Answer 9

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Unlike most other body cells, neurons have long branching extensions. The larger neurons have these components: ____, a ____ (cell body), an ____, and ____ terminals.

Answer 10

dendrites, a soma (cell body), an axon, and presynaptic terminals

Question 11

A motor neuron has its soma in the ____ ____. It receives excitation from other neurons through its dendrites and conducts impulses almond its axon to a muscle.

Answer 11

spinal cord

Question 12

A ____ neuron is specialised at one end to be highly sensitive to a particular type of stimulation, such as light, sound, or touch.

Answer 12

sensory

Question 13

____ are branching fibres off the soma that get narrower near their ends.

Answer 13

Dendrites

Question 14

The dendrites surface is lined with specialised synaptic ____, at which the dendrite receives information from other neurons.

Answer 14

receptors

Question 15

Dendritic ____ are short outgrowths that increase the surface area available for synapses.

Answer 15

spines

Question 16

The cell body, or ____, contains the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria. Most of the metabolic work of the neuron occurs here.

Answer 16

soma

Question 17

The ____ is a thin fibre of constant diameter. The ____ is the neuron’s information sender, conveying an impulse toward other neurons or an organ or muscle.

Answer 17

axon

Question 18

Many vertebrate axons are covered with an insulating material called a ____ ____ with interruptions known as ____ of ____.

Answer 18

myelin sheath : nodes of Ranvier

Question 19

An axon has many branches, each of which swells at its tip, forming a ____ ____, also know as and end bulb or bouton.

Answer 19

presynaptic terminal

Question 20

The presynaptic terminal is the point from which the axon releases ____ that cross through the junction between one neuron and the next.

Answer 20

chemicals