4.1 Structure Vertebrate Nervous System

Question 0

The ____ ____ ____ (PNS) connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.

Answer 0

peripheral nervous system

Question 1

The ____ ____ ____ (CNS) is the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 1

central nervous system

Question 2

Part of the PNS is the ____ ____ ____, which consists of axons conveying messages from the sense organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles.

Answer 2

somatic nervous system

Question 3

Another part of the PNS, the ____ ____ ____, controls the heart, the intestines, and other organs.

Answer 3

autonomic nervous system

Question 4

____ means towards the back and ____ means toward the stomach.

Answer 4

Dorsal : ventral

Question 5

There are three ways of taking a plane through the brain, known as ____, ____, and ____ (or frontal).

Answer 5

horizontal, sagittal, and coronal

Question 6

Toward the back, away from the ventral (stomach) side. The top of the brain is considered ____ because it has that position in four-legged animals.

Answer 6

dorsal

Question 7

Toward the stomach, away from the dorsal (back) side.

Answer 7

Ventral

Question 8

Toward the front end.

Answer 8

Anterior

Question 9

Toward the rear end.

Answer 9

Posterior

Question 10

Above another part.

Answer 10

Superior

Question 11

Below another part.

Answer 11

Inferior

Question 12

Toward the side, away from the midline.

Answer 12

Lateral

Question 13

Toward the midline, away from the side.

Answer 13

Medial

Question 14

Located close (approximate) to the point of origin or attachment.

Answer 14

Proximal

Question 15

Located more distant from the point of origin or attachment.

Answer 15

Distal

Question 16

On the same side of the body (e.g., two parts on the left or two on the right).

Answer 16

Ipsilateral

Question 17

On the opposite side of the body (one on the left and one on the right).

Answer 17

Contralateral

Question 18

A plane that shows brain structures as seen from the front (or frontal plane).

Answer 18

Coronal plane

Question 19

A plane that shows brain structures as seen from the side.

Answer 19

Sagittal plane

Question 20

A plane that shows brain structures as seen from above (or transverse plane).

Answer 20

Horizontal plane

Question 21

A row or layer of cell bodies separated from other cell bodies by a layer of axons and dendrites.

Answer 21

Lamina

Question 22

A set of cells perpendicular to the surface of the cortex, with similar properties.

Answer 22

Column

Question 23

A set of axons within the CNS, also known as a projection. If axons extended from cell bodies in structure A to synapses onto B, we say that the fibres project from A onto B.

Answer 23

Tract

Question 24

A set of axons in the periphery, either from the CNS to a muscle or gland or from sensory organ to the CNS.

Answer 24

Nerve

Question 25

A cluster of neuron cell bodies within the CNS.

Answer 25

Nucleus

Question 26

A cluster of neuron cell bodies, usually outside the CNS (as in the sympathetic nervous system).

Answer 26

Ganglion

Question 27

A protuberance on the surface of the brain.

Answer 27

Gyrus (pl. gyri)

Question 28

A fold or groove that separates one gyrus from another.

Answer 28

Sulcus (pl. sulci)

Question 29

A long, deep sulcus.

Answer 29

Fissure

Question 30

The ____ is the part of the CNS within the spinal column. The ____ communicates with all the sense organs and muscles except those of the head.

Answer 30

spinal-cord

Question 31

According to the ____ ____, entering dorsal roots (axon bundles) carry sensory information, and exciting ventral roots carry motor information.

Answer 31

Bell-Magendie law

Question 32

The axons to and from the skin and muscles are ____ ____ ____.

Answer 32

peripheral nervous system