2014 Major Nutrients - Water & Energy

Question 1

What are the five major nutrients?

Answer 1

Water, energy, protein, vitamins, minerals

Question 2

Name the two forms of energy provided in the cow’s diet.

Answer 2

Fats, carbohydrates

Question 3

Name three sources from which a cow can get water.

Answer 3

Drinking water, moisture in feedstuffs, chemical reactions inside cow’s body

Question 4

How much more water does a cow drink, as compared to how much she eats?

Answer 4

Animals drink 2-3 times more than the amount of food they eat

Question 5

When does water intake increase?

Answer 5

During periods of high heat, during periods of increasing milk yields

Question 6

Most dry feedstuff is what percent water?

Answer 6

10 - 15%

Question 7

Silage is what percent water?

Answer 7

45 - 75%

Question 8

When 2 molecules of ammonia combine in the rumen to form urea, a single molecule of what is released?

Answer 8

water

Question 9

What is the most important nutrient?

Answer 9

water

Question 10

A lack of what nutrient will cause death more quickly than a lack of any other nutrient.

Answer 10

water

Question 11

A cow’s body is what percent water?

Answer 11

56 - 81%

Question 12

All reactions and processes take place in the body occur in what compound?

Answer 12

water

Question 13

Name 3 roles water plays in the body.

Answer 13

Chemical reactions take place in water, transports nutrients, helps eliminate waste, water plays a role in chemical reactions where a water molecule is added or taken away, regulates body temperature

Question 14

Name the two most effective ways for a cow to cool off.

Answer 14

Sweating, panting

Question 15

Energy deficiency is the number one cause of a decrease in what?

Answer 15

Decrease in milk production

Question 16

A cow uses its energy for what four processes?

Answer 16

Maintain their body, to grow, to keep a pregnancy, milk production

Question 17

Intake energy is the amount of energy that is in what?

Answer 17

Amount of energy in feedstuff eaten by animal

Question 18

Intake energy minus the energy lost in feces gives us what energy?

Answer 18

Digestible energy (IE - energy lost in feces = DE)

Question 19

Digestible energy minus what energy gives us the metabolizable energy?

Answer 19

Energy lost as urine and gases (DE - energy lost in urine and gas = ME)

Question 20

Metabolizable energy minus the energy lost in heat gives us what measure of energy?

Answer 20

Net energy (ME - energy lost in heat = NE)

Question 21

The amount of energy contained in feedstuff is measured with what device?

Answer 21

Bomb calorimeter

Question 22

Name a common measure of heat.

Answer 22

calorie

Question 23

1000 little “c” calories is the same as what?

Answer 23

Calorie with capital “C”

Question 24

Because many forages are less digestible than grains, this means more of what kind of energy will be lost when eating forages?

Answer 24

More gaseous energy is lost when eating forages than grains

Question 25

Every additional unit of energy above the maintenance requirement increases the energy available for what process?

Answer 25

Production (in the form of growth, pregnancy or milk)

Question 26

Name the most concentrated energy source for cows.

Answer 26

fats

Question 27

What are some common feed ingredients that can be used to increase the energy density of the cow’s diet?

Answer 27

Forages, fat-supplements, cereal grains, by-product feeds

Question 28

Name some high energy forages.

Answer 28

Corn silage, small grain silage

Question 29

Name some examples of high energy cereal grains.

Answer 29

Corn, barley, sorghum

Question 30

Metabolizable energy minus energy lost in what gives us net energy?

Answer 30

Energy lost in heat (ME- heat = NE)