More Jr Questions Submitted

Question 1

Name 3 places where pathogenic organisms may gain entry into a newborn calf’s body:

Answer 1

mouth, navel, nose

Question 2

A dairy cow has how many upper front teeth?

Answer 2

0

Question 3

A mature dairy cow produces how many quarts of saliva per day?

Answer 3

50 – 80

Question 4

The small projections that line the wall of the small intestine are what?

Answer 4

villi

Question 5

What essential nutrient is broken down in the small intestine?

Answer 5

fats

Question 6

Name the primary acid found in the abomasum.

Answer 6

hydrochloric acid

Question 7

Give an example of a nonstructural carbohydrate?

Answer 7

starch, sugar, pectin

Question 8

Define the term green chop.

Answer 8

forages harvested in the field and fed directly to livestock

Question 9

The most costly disease in dairy cattle is what?

Answer 9

mastitis

Question 11

List four parts of the cow’s reproductive tract.

Answer 11

vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct, ovary

Question 12

List four items that a judge looks for when judging a dairy cattle fitting and showmanship contest.

Answer 12

animal’s condition, cleanliness, clipping, grooming, appearance of exhibitor, leading the animal, posing the animal, showing the animal to best advantage, poise, alertness & attitude

Question 13

Name four systems of calf housing.

Answer 13

calf hutch, elevated stalls, pens on the floor, cold calf housing,
counter-slope system

Question 14

Give four factors that may be considered when grouping the milking herd.

Answer 14

body condition, lactation number, production level, reproductive status, stage of lactation

Question 15

Give four examples of legumes used in dairy rations.

Answer 15

alfalfa, clover, peanuts, peas, soybeans, vetch, bird’s foot trefoil, lespedeza

Question 16

Give four sources of environmental bacteria in dairy herds.

Answer 16

soil, water, bedding, feedstuffs, mud, feces

Question 17

List four organ systems found in the body of a dairy animal

Answer 17

circulatory, respiratory, nervous, digestive, reproductive, skeletal, muscular, endocrine, integumentary

Question 18

Give four common dairy cattle bedding materials.

Answer 18

newspaper, sand, sawdust, shavings, straw, recycled manure solids

Question 19

List 4 types of internal parasites.

Answer 19

lung worms, round worms, stomach worms, liver flukes, coccidia

Question 20

Name 3 parts of the milking unit.

Answer 20

claw, milk tube, short air tube teat cup shell, teat cup liner (also known as inflation)

Question 21

How often do you replace teat cup liners?

Answer 21

every 1,000 to 1,200 cow milkings

Question 22

List the 3 microorganisms in the rumen.

Answer 22

bacteria, protozoa, fungi

Question 23

Give one medicine to treat foot rot in goats and how you use it.

Answer 23

copper sulfate or iodine in a foot bath

Question 24

Why would you use copper sulfate on a farm?

Answer 24

foot bath additive to treat diseases of the foot

Question 25

What is the process that turns cream into butter?

Answer 25

churning

Question 26

Name 2 parts of the small intestine.

Answer 26

ileum, duodenum, jujenum

Question 27

List the water soluble vitamins.

Answer 27

vitamin B complex and vitamin C

Question 28

List the fat-soluble vitamins.

Answer 28

vitamins A, D, E and K

Question 29

Micro-minerals are needed in what amount?

Answer 29

trace amounts

Question 30

Give one source of change in a genetic population.

Answer 30

migration, selection, mutation, chance

Question 31

Where does the calf grow in the cow?

Answer 31

uterus

Question 32

Where is the All American Dairy Show held?

Answer 32

Harrisburg, PA

Question 33

What is withdrawal time and how do you know it?

Answer 33

(the time needed to allow drug residues to fall to a safe level) the period that you have to wait after the last treatment and before use of its milk, can be found on drug label

Question 34

List 2 types of heat detection aids.

Answer 34

pedometers, tail chalk, pressure sensors, detector animals, electronic heat detection systems, heat expectancy charts

Question 35

Give two signs of estrus (heat) in dairy cattle.

Answer 35

restlessness, bellowing, following and smelling other cows, mounting other cows, standing to be mounted, clear mucus discharge from vulva, vulva becomes red and swollen

Question 36

Name two breeds that have no undesirable recessive genes.

Answer 36

Ayshire, Guernsey, Milking Shorthorn

Question 37

Give examples of two micro-minerals needed by the dairy animal.

Answer 37

cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, selenium, manganese, zinc

Question 38

Red Bloodlines is the magazine for which breed?

Answer 38

Red & White Holsteins

Question 39

What do you call the process of joining a sperm and an ovum.

Answer 39

fertilization

Question 40

How many days is the estrous or heat cycle in dairy cattle?

Answer 40

21 days

Question 41

If a cow is in heat on Sept 1, when will she be in heat again?

Answer 41

Sept 22

Question 42

Give 2 categories of forage.

Answer 42

hay, silage, pasture, baleage, green chop

Question 43

What is the worst symptom of scours?

Answer 43

dehydration

Question 44

Name two methods of castration in goats.

Answer 44

elastrator, burdizzo clamp

Question 45

What is the definition of a steer?

Answer 45

a castrated male

Question 46

How many pounds of milk does it take to make one pound of cheese?

Answer 46

10 pounds

Question 47

The amount of cheese one can get from a pound of milk is affected by what component of milk?

Answer 47

Protein

Question 48

Name the fluid that is the by-product of cheese making.

Answer 48

Whey

Question 49

List the four classes of cheese.

Answer 49

soft, semi-soft, hard, very hard

Question 50

What is the most popular cheese in the United States?

Answer 50

Mozzarella

Question 51

What is the name of the high fat milk product that is separated from milk?

Answer 51

Cream

Question 52

Name the process that turns cream into butter.

Answer 52

Churning

Question 53

How many pounds of milk does it take to make one pound of butter?

Answer 53

21.2 pounds

Question 54

What is the minimum percentage of fat that butter must contain.

Answer 54

80%

Question 55

What is the highest grade of butter sold in the U.S.?

Answer 55

Grade AA

Question 56

One stick of butter is equal to how many cups?

Answer 56

1/2 cup

Question 57

Which frozen dairy product is flavored with fruit?

Answer 57

Sherbet

Question 58

Which frozen dairy product contains egg yolk solids?

Answer 58

frozen custard

Question 59

Twelve pounds of whole milk makes how much ice cream?

Answer 59

one gallon

Question 60

The liquid leftover after churning cream into butter is called what?

Answer 60

Buttermilk

Question 61

Danone is the world’s largest maker of what dairy product?

Answer 61

Yogurt

Question 62

The L.acidophilus bacteria is added to milk to help it break down which milk component?

Answer 62

Lactose

Question 63

What percentage of milk is digestible?

Answer 63

96-98%

Question 64

Milk that comes directly from the cow is called what?

Answer 64

raw milk

Question 65

Name the two main components of milk solids.

Answer 65

solids-not-fat and fat

Question 66

What is the major solids component of milk?

Answer 66

Lactose

Question 67

Name the milk component that gives milk its sweet flavor.

Answer 67

lactose OR milk sugar

Question 68

Name the two simple sugars that make up lactose.

Answer 68

glucose and galactose

Question 69

Some people cannot digest milk sugar. This is called what?

Answer 69

lactose intolerance

Question 70

Lactase is the enzyme needed to break down what?

Answer 70

Lactose

Question 71

Vitamin D is added to milk to help prevent what bone disease?

Answer 71

Rickets

Question 72

In order for 2%, 1% and skim milk to be nutritionally similar to whole milk, this vitamin must be added.

Answer 72

Vitamin A

Question 73

Name the two minerals found in milk that are important for bone growth.

Answer 73

calcium, phosphorous

Question 74

Casein is the primary ______ found in milk.

Answer 74

Protein

Question 75

As the protein level of milk goes _____, the the tastes goes _____.

Answer 75

up, up

Question 76

Off flavors in milk are most commonly found in what milk component?

Answer 76

butterfat component

Question 77

Exposing milk to sunlight or copper bearing surfaces will result in what type of off-flavor?

Answer 77

Oxidized

Question 78

What off-flavor occurs when there are large numbers of bacteria present?

Answer 78

Sour

Question 79

The process that destroys disease-producing bacteria is called what?

Answer 79

Pasteurization

Question 80

Which type of milk contains 80 calories per cup?

Answer 80

fat free milk

Question 81

Whole milk contains how many calories per cup?

Answer 81

150 calories

Question 82

Milk that is 1% fat is labeled what?

Answer 82

Lowfat

Question 83

The tube that connects the mouth to the rumen is known as the what?

Answer 83

Esophagus

Question 84

How many upper front teeth does a dairy cow have?

Answer 84

None

Question 85

The tiny finger-like projections that line the wall of the rumen are called what?

Answer 85

Papillae

Question 86

Feed material found in the small intestine is known as what?

Answer 86

Chyme

Question 87

What is the first organ to receive blood from the small intestine?

Answer 87

Liver

Question 88

What organ secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine?

Answer 88

Pancreas

Question 89

The rumen makes up what percentage of the newborn calf's stomach capacity?

Answer 89

25%

Question 90

What do you call a chemical substance that provides nourishment to the body?

Answer 90

Nutrient

Question 91

What are the two major sources of energy for the dairy cow?

Answer 91

fats and carbohydrates

Question 92

Give the primary function of the omasum.

Answer 92

dehydration of feed

Question 93

Cellulose and hemicellulose are what kind of carbohydrates?

Answer 93

structural carbohydrates

Question 94

As soon as cows leave the milking parlor is a peak time for consumption of what nutrient?

Answer 94

Water

Question 95

Name two cheeses made from something other than cow’s milk.

Answer 95

feta and Roquefort (pronounced roke fort)

Question 96

Name four varieties of cream.

Answer 96

half & half, sour cream, light cream, heavy cream, light whipping cream, cream in aerosol cans, acidified sour cream, sour half & half

Question 97

Name the four kinds of frozen dairy products.

Answer 97

ice cream, frozen yogurt, sherbet, frozen custard

Question 98

Name the three kinds of cultured dairy products.

Answer 98

yogurt, buttermilk, acidophilus milk

Question 99

Name the two main components of milk and the percentage each component is made of:

Answer 99

water 87% (87.4) milk solids 13% (12.6)

Question 100

Give three reasons why antibiotics are not allowed in milk for human consumption.

Answer 100

some people are allergic to antibiotics 2. milk with antibiotic residue is not suitable for cheese making 3. bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics 4. antibiotics are not a natural part of milk

Question 101

Name five common off-flavors found in milk.

Answer 101

bitter, fermented, fruity, high acid, lacks freshness , oxidized, rancid, sour

Question 102

Give 3 physiological functions of water in the body.

Answer 102

transport nutrients, carry waste to the point of excretion, to cool the body at high environmental temperatures, functions as a universal solvent, fluid to lubricate joints, serves as a fluid base for milk, a substrate for metabolic reactions

Question 103

Name 4 ways a cow excretes or loses water.

Answer 103

breathing, feces, milk, sweat, urine

Question 104

Name 4 factors that influence the amount of water a dairy cow will drink.

Answer 104

body size, environmental temperature, water temperature, water quality, relative humidity, diet, milk production

Question 105

Name 4 methods of giving medication.

Answer 105

balling gun, topical (on the skin), Subcutaneous, intramuscular (IM), intravenous (IV)