All JR Questions SUB 2012 Flashcards by Wendy Sites

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

Name 5 types of cattle feed.

Dried sugar beat pulp, Milo (whole grain sorghum), Steam rolled barley, Soybean hulls, Soybean meal, Buckwheat, Cracked or whole kernel corn, Whole grain wheat, Dehydrated alfalfa meal pellets, Steam rolled oats, Cottonseed meal, Completed pelleted feed, Whole cottonseed, Whole grain oats

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

What is a balanced ration?

Feed that provides all necessary nutrients that the animal needs in one day.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

What is buttermilk?

The liquid leftover from churning the cream from milk into butter.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

What is colostrum?

The mother’s first milk that she produces after she gives birth. Colostrum is high in antibodies and nutrients for the newborn calf.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

Name the 5 Major Trait descriptions of the Dairy Unified Score Card.

Frame, Dairy Character, Body Capacity, Feet and Legs, Udder

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

Name the 6 Pillars of Character.

Trustworthiness, Respect, Responsibility, Fairness, Caring, Citizenship

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

What does DHIA stand for?

Dairy Herd Improvement Association

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

What was the first breed association to start a herd testing program?

The Ayrshire Breeders Association

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

Where is the cow’s stifle located?

Rear Leg

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

Where is the point of balance located on a cow?

Point of shoulder

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

Define flight zone and tell whether it is the same for every animal.

The flight zone is the animal’s comfort zone, which affects how soon an animal will move as a human approaches. It changes and depends on how familiar an animal is with people or the person working with them.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

Name the 2 purposes of the female cow reproductive tract

to provide a place for nourishment and development of the calf before birth 2. to produce eggs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

Oviducts lead from the ovaries to what reproductive organ?

Uterus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

Name 3 of the 7 female hormones

Estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prostaglandin, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), oxytocin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

What is the average number of days in a cow’s gestation (pregnancy)?

283, range is 280-285 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

How many sperm are deposited into a female by a bull during mating?

Approximately 1 billion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

What is artificial insemination?

The practice of introducing sperm into the reproductive tract of the female other than by natural mating.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

Describe embryo transfer.

The practice of flushing (removing) an embryo from a female donor and putting the embryo into another female (recipient) for the remainder of the pregnancy.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

The rumen is the largest compartment of the cow’s stomach and can hold how many gallons of material?

40 – 60 gallons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

In the rumen, carbohydrates are converted into VFA’s. What does VFA stands for?

Volatile fatty acids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

Milk is what percent water?

87%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

Name 2 castration tools.

Elastrator, Burdizzo clamp

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

Define freemartin.

A female calf born as a twin to a bull calf. Approximately 90% of freemartins are infertile

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

All JR Questions Submitted 2012

What is another name for an umbilical infection?

Navel Ill

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the second most common health problem in calves behind scours?

Pneumonia

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 About how many species of external parasites affect cattle in the United States?

Over 400 species

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What organism causes warts?

Bovine papilloma virus

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the correct term for a DA or twisted stomach?

Displaced abomasum

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Cows are dried off approximately how many days before calving?

60 days

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 How much does an udder weigh when empty?

25 – 60 pounds

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 On average, how many days are there between heat periods in a dairy cow?

21 days average, range is 18 – 24 days

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Describe a calf in normal birth position.

The calf has front feet first with head between the legs

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 In the classification scores, what is the range for Excellent in Holsteins?

90-97

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name 2 of the 3 breeds that have no documented undesirable recessive genetic traits?

Ayrshire, Guernsey, Milking Shorthorn

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 The normal temperature of a calf is what?

102.5 degrees

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is a pathogen?

Any microorganism that causes disease

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name the 2 major types of vaccinations?

killed, modified live

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name 3 of the 7 diseases that have color in their name.

Black leg, Blue tongue, Pinkeye, Red nose, Red water, White heifer disease, White muscle disease

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name a common household item that can be used to alleviate bloat in cattle.

Laundry detergent

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name the 4 phases of the fly life cycle.

egg, larvae, pupa, adult

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 In what country did the Ayrshire Breed originate?

Scotland

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What dairy cattle breed is known as the Royal Breed?

Guernsey

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which stomach compartment is the largest?

Rumen

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What does DA stand for?

Displaced Abomasum

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What does ET stand for?

Embryo Transfer

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Where is a cow’s blind spot?

Directly behind the animal

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 How many days are between estrus?

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the recommended dry period for dairy cows?

45-60 days

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 The rumen is also known as what?

Fermentation vat

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Who brought the first Ayrshire to the US in 1822?

Henry W. Hills

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which dairy cattle breed originated in the Northeastern Tees River?

Milking Shorthorn

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 How much does a mature Brown Swiss cow weigh?

1500 pounds

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What does WMT stand for?

Wisconsin Mastitis Test

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the name of the Ayrshire Magazine?

Ayrshire Digest

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Where is the Red & White Breed Headquarters located?

Clinton, Wisconsin

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 An average dairy cow consumes how many gallons of water per day?

30 – 50 gallons

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is milk remaining in the mammary gland following completion of milk called?

residual milk

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the process of joining an ovum and a sperm called?

fertilization

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which parent determines the sex of the calf?

bull

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What two illnesses are the leading causes of death in young calves?

scours, pneumonia

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What disease is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin E and selenium?

white muscle disease

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Approximately how many pounds of blood are pumped through the udder to produce one pound of milk?

400 pounds

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Who is the first bull to produce one million units of semen?

Fisher-Place Mandingo

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Milk that comes from a cow prior to processing is called?

raw milk

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the name for the milk sugar that gives milk its sweet flavor?

lactose

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What kind of milk carton is used to prevent an oxidized flavor?

pigmented

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 How often should the bulk milk tank on the farm be washed and sanitized?

every time it’s emptied.

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is known as the “national dairy farm magazine”?

Hoard’s Dairyman

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 If one sees “3X” in a dairy animal’s production record, what does the “3X” mean?

Milked three times a day

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the main reason that dairy cows refuse to use freestalls?

Improper Size

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What gases are produced in the rumen?

Carbon Dioxide & Oxygen

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which vitamin plays a role in the clotting of blood?

Vitamin K

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which hormone blocks milk let-down?

adrenaline

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is a record of ancestry called?

pedigree

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Insulin is a hormone that promotes cell growth and division. Where is it produced?

pancreas

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What test is used to identify Brucellosis in cattle?

Milk Ring Test

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 How many quarts of saliva does a mature dairy cow produce per day?

50 to 80 quarts

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What are two ways to handle a bull?

Never turn your back, never work alone, never trust a bull, keep children away from bulls

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Explain the AM/PM Rule.

If in heat in the AM, breed in the PM. If in heat in the PM, breed in the AM.

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name three dairy goat breeds.

Alpine, La Mancha, Nubian, Oberhasli, Saanen, Toggenburg

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name the four compartments of a ruminant animal’s stomach.

rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name two hormones associated with milk production.

adrenaline, oxytocin, prolactin, estrogen

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name two advantages of using Artificial Insemination.

Disease control, record keeping, genetics, safety, less expensive than keeping a bull, better record keeping

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name a type of manure storage facility.

Anaerobic pit, above ground tank, lagoon, dry stack barn

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name two types of flies commonly found around the dairy farm.

House fly, Stable Fly, Face Fly, Horn fly, Heel fly, Deer Fly

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 305 day milk production is highest for cows calving in which months?

November, December & January

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name two non-domestic animals that can infect cattle with rabies.

Bat, Bobcat, Coyote, Fox, Raccoon, Skunk

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 On average, how much time does a dairy animal spend ruminating or cud chewing?

7 to 10 hours

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 For a calf to be called a spring heifer calf, what months does she have to be born?

March, April, May

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which breed of dairy cattle produces milk with the lowest percent of butterfat?

Holstein

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 How many permanent teeth does a mature dairy cow have?

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 How many pounds of milk does it take to make a pound of cheese?

10 pounds

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the most important yet most forgotten nutrient required for dairy animals?

Water

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What part of the alfalfa plant has the highest percent digestibility?

The leaf

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 How many pounds does a gallon of milk weigh?

8.6 pounds

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name three signs that your calf may be sick.

Poor appetite, cough, watery manure, nasal discharge, drooping ears, dull eyes, lack of energy, elevated temperature, depression

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What are two functions that saliva has in the dairy cow?

Moistens food, lubricates food, acts as a buffer, provides a fluid base for many nutrients, provides proper environment for bacterial growth

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What two gases are produced in the rumen?

Carbon dioxide and methane

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which compartment is located closest to the heart?

Reticulum

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What happens to the digestibility of plant fiber as the plant gets older?

digestibility decreases

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What do you call a plant that you have to seed each year and whose growth is completed in one crop year?

Annual

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What feedstuffs can be added to dairy cattle rations to increase the taste or palatability of the feed or can also be used to cut down on the dustiness of feed?

Molasses

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What do you call the period of time that a cow is in milk?

Lactation

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which hormone is known as the milk let down hormone?

Oxytocin

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the name of the large storage facility used to cool and store milk until it can be transported to the milk processing plant?

Bulk tank

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What do you call the milk that remains in the mammary gland following the completion of milking?

Residual milk

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name three signs of clinical mastitis.

Flakes, clots, presence of blood, stringy milk, watery milk, hot quarter, swollen/hard quarter

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the recommended length for a cow’s dry period?

45 – 60 days

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the name of the primary protein found in milk?

Casein

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What vitamin is added to milk when it is processed to help prevent rickets?

Vitamin D

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What do you call the process that turns cream into butter?

Churning

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the most popular variety of cheese in the United States?

Mozzarella

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What month is National Grilled Cheese month?

April

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name three parts of the cow’s reproductive tract.

Vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct, ovary

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What hormone is produced by the corpus luteum and is necessary for the maintenance of pregnancy?

Progesterone

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the normal respiratory rate for a cow?

30 breaths per minute

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What would you give a dairy animal to help with the prevention of hardware disease?

magnet

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name three methods of reducing soil erosion.

Wind breaks, cover crops, strip cropping, contour cropping, terracing, grassed waterways, reduced tillage, no till practices, soil seeding

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What dairy breed accounts for 90% of the US dairy cow population?

Holstein

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What dairy breed is known for producing milk with a golden color?

Guernsey

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the mark found on dairy products that tells consumers they are purchasing a genuine dairy product?

Real Seal

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 In calves, milk is digested in what stomach compartment?

Abomasum

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Digital dermatitis is found on this part of a dairy cow?

feet

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name three types of storage facilities for silage?

Bunker silo, trench silo, upright/tower silo, oxygen limiting silo, plastic bag/ag bag

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name three heat detection aids.

Chalk/tail painting, kamar/bovine beacon heat patches, pedometer, gomer bull, conductivity

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 If you milk in a double 6 herringbone parlor, how many milking units do you have?

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name two ways to identify dairy cattle.

Ear tags, freeze branding, photos, sketch, tattoo

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What are the four categories on the PDCA unified scorecard?

Udder/mammary system, dairy strength, frame, feet and legs

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which breed of dairy goats has ears that are so small, they look like they don’t even have ears?

La mancha

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name 2 breeds and where they originated.

Ayrshire, Scotland; Brown Swiss, Switzerland; Guernsey, Isle of Guernsey; Holstein, Netherlands and Germany; Jersey, Isle of Jersey; Milking Shorthorn, England

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name 2 signs of illnesses in calves

Poor appetite, Cough, Watery manure, Nasal discharge, Drooping ears, Dull eyes, Lack of energy, Elevated temperature

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name 2 types of milking parlors.

Herringbone, Parabone, Parallel, Rotary, Side opening

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name 2 parts of the cow’s reproductive tract.

Vulva, Vagina, Cervix, Uterus, Oviduct, Ovary

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name 2 diseases with a color in their name

Blackleg, Blue tongue, Pinkeye, Red nose, Red water, White heifer disease, White muscle disease

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name 2 external parasites found on dairy cattle

Flies, Lice, Mites, Mosquitoes, Ticks

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name 2 common bedding materials used for dairy cattle

Newspaper, Recycled manure solids, Sand, Sawdust, Shavings, Straw, Peanut Hulls

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name 2 animals other than the cow that are used to produce milk for human consumption

Goat, Sheep, Camel, Water buffalo, Reindeer, Horse, Yak

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name 2 symptoms of clinical mastitis

Flakes, Clots, Presence of blood, Stringy milk, Watery milk, swollen quarter, Hot quarter

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name 2 parts of a milking unit

Teat cup shell, Short air tube, Inflation, Milk tube, Claw

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Where is the All American Dairy Show held?

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the largest dairy cooperative in the United States?

Dairy Farmers of America

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the name of the official Jersey magazine?

Jersey Journal

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What state is the National 4-H Dairy Cattle Judging Contest held?

Wisconsin

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 At what age does a calf begin to chew her cud?

at 2 – 3 weeks

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which compartment of the stomach is the largest?

Rumen

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 How much water does a dairy cow drink each day?

30 to 50 gallons

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What do the initials TMR stand for in relationship to feeding?

Total mixed ration

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 On the pH scale what represents neutral?

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 A plant that must be planted each year is a what?

annual

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the recommended temperature of water for washing the bulk tank?

160 degrees

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name the 4 types of mastitis.

Chronic, Acute, Clinical, Subclinical

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name an on farm screening test for mastitis?

California Mastitis Test, Conductivity, Strip Cup

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which vitamin is added to whole milk?

Vitamin D

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 How many calories are in 1 cup of whole milk?

150

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 How many pounds of whole milk does it take to make one pound of cheese?

21.2

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name the four classes of cheese.

very hard, hard, semi-soft, soft

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the fluid by-product of cheese making?

Whey

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 How many classes of milk are there

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What fast food chain uses the most milk in the US?

McDonalds

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which state has the highest number of dairy cows?

California

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the standard length of a DHIA record?

305 days

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name 2 types of auction.

Consignment, Dispersal, Reduction

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which breed has the shortest gestation period?

Jersey

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What do the letters ET stand for in reference to reproduction?

Embryo Transfer

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 The act of giving birth is also known as what?

parturition

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 A Holstein cow that has a score of 94 is ranked?

Excellent

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the normal temperature of a dairy cow?

101.5

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Name the condition when a cow cannot belch.

bloat

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 The first commercial cheese factory was established in 1851 in this city:

New York, New York

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which of the following dairy cattle shows was founded and held for the first time in 1967?

World Dairy Expo

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 In 1994 which of the dairy cattle breed associations officially changed its name to this?

Holstein Association USA, Inc.

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 The first U.S. commercial robotic milker was installed in 2000 in what state?

Wisconsin

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 In the dairy cattle industry, the acronym DHIA stands for:

Dairy Herd Improvement Association

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Hoard’s Dairyman has its headquarters in this U.S. city:

Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which dairy industry pioneer invented the centrifugal cream separator?

Dr. Gustav Delalval

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Mr. Tom Vilsack is currently serving as:

U.S. Secretary of Agriculture

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 West Springfield, Massachusetts is the home of which dairy cattle event?

Eastern States Exposition (The Big E)

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which of the following dairy cattle breeds is the smallest breed by weight?

Jersey

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What was the first dairy cattle breed to arrive in the United States?

Jersey

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 What is the method of permanent ID for the Ayrshire breed?

Either photographs or sketches

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 About what percentage of the U.S. dairy cow population is made up of Holsteins?

90%

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which breed of dairy cattle has milk that is known for its golden color?

Guernsey

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 On the PDCA Fitting and Showing Scorecard the presentation of the animal is worth how many points?

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 The study of goats and goat husbandry is known as what?

capriculture

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 On the PDCA Dairy Cow Unified Scorecard which of the following categories is worth the smallest amount of points:

frame

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 On the PDCA Heifer Scorecard which of the following categories is worth the most points:

frame

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Which of the following is the oldest heifer class in a dairy show?

fall yearling heifer

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 The two parts of a cow’s anatomy that can be twisted to one side and called “wry” are what?

face and tail

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 For how many days should a newborn calf be fed colostrum?

the first 3 days

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 List 2 things you would feed pre-weaned calves on a liquid diet?

milk replacer, whole milk, colostrum

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 When a calf nurses, milk travels directly to the omasum and abomasums through what?

esophageal grove

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 A calf should eat 1.5 pounds of grain each day for how many days before weaning them?

3 days

# All JR Questions Submitted 2012 Explain the term Cold calf housing.

calf housing where the temperature varies with the outside temperature